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D. Mertens, Der alte Heratempel in Paestum und die archaische Baukunst in Unteritalien. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Rom, Sonderschriften Bd. 9. Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern, 1993. XVIII + 193 oldal, 82 szövegközti ábra, 4 kihajtható illusztráció, 92 tábla, 17 melléklet.
A tanulmány fő célkitűzése a közép-franciaországi haeduus törzs történetének és régészeti hagyatékának vizsgálatára alapozva azoknak a folyamatoknak a bemutatása, amelyek Róma és a galliai kelta kultúra találkozásának következményeként bontakoztak ki. Az elemzés igen jelentős mértékben a Mont Beuvray-i európai régészeti program eredményeire épül, amelyben a budapesti Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem expedíciója 1988 óta vesz részt. Végeredményben a munka egyik legfontosabb következtetése az, hogy Bibractéban az urbanizáció romanizációs szakaszát külön lehet és kell választani a kelta függetlenség időszakában kibontakozó városi fejlődéstől. Ez a felismerés megfelel annak a felfogásnak, miszerint a városiasodást a kelta világban azok a gazdasági változások készítették elő, amelyek a Kr. e. 3. században főként az italo-kelta környezetből indultak ki, de felgyorsulásukban a hellénisztikus világgal kialakult új típusú kapcsolatok is szerepet játszhattak.
In a study published in Archaeologiai Értesítő 139 (2014), Tibor Kemenczei reviewed the research history of various prehistoric finds in the collection of the Hungarian National Museum. Based on his meticulous examination of the museum records, he clarified the problem of how the La Tène sword from Hatvan-Boldog was “doubled”. As it turned out, the sword did not perish during World War II, but was taken to Nyíregyháza as part of a loan, where it was later inventoried as an artefact originating from Gáva-Katóhalom. This discussion article addresses the relevant problems based on the records from the 1970s, which offer some instructive conclusions from a museological perspective (documentation of loaned items, re-inventorying, etc.). One significant information for international scholarship is that the sword from Hatvan-Boldog does not have a “twin” in Nyíregyháza. The final section of the study corrects the dating of the sword and touches upon the issue of the type’s designation.
The problems of Boius history have their roots in the identification of antique Boiohaemum with medieval Bohemia, an interpretation that has its origins in the tenth century. Any attempt to localize their territory, consideration must be taken of the fact that according to Tacitus, Strabon and other antique writers, this region incorporated the settlement area of King Marobodus and his Marcomanni, the so-called Bouiaimon. Other data suggest that the “land of the Boii” was a forest between the upper course of the Rhine River and present-day eastern Slovakia, along the Danube.
The Marcomanni expelled the Boii from this area at the end of the first century BC. On this basis it may be hypothesized that the settlement area of this Celtic tribe was located somewhere in present-day south-western Slovakia. The settlement of the Boii in present-day Czech Republic, however, is a historical topos. Clarifying the correct location of this tribe may contribute to a better understanding of the development and history of the Boii in Pannonia.”
Carte archéologique de la Gaule. (Pré-inventaire archéologique publié sous la responsabilité de Michel Provost, professeur d'histoire a' l'Université d'Avignon.) Collection de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Coéditée par le Ministe're de l'Education Nationale, le Ministe're de la Culture et de la Communication, la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme; F. Gateau-M. Gazenbeek (szerk.): Les Alpilles et la Montagnette. (CAG 13/2) Párizs 1999, 464 oldal, 407 szöveg közti illusztráció; F. Naudet (szerk.): Val-de-Marne. (CAG 94) Párizs 2001, 168 oldal, 137 szöveg közti illusztráció; J. Baudoux-P. Flotté-M. Fuchs-M.-D. Waton (szerk.): Strasbourg (CAG 67/2) Párizs 2002, 586 oldal, 588 szöveg közti illusztráció; Marek Gedl: Die Beile in Polen IV. (Metalläxte, Eisenbeile, Hämmer, Ambosse, Meißel, Pfrieme). Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung IX, Band 24. 134 oldal, 51 tábla. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2004.;
K. Gehrig: Die Greifenprotomen aus dem Heraion von Samos. (Samos IX.) Bonn 2004. XI + 354 oldal, 13 szövegközi kép, 130 tábla; Tulok M.-Makkay J.: Angol-magyar és magyar-angol régészeti kifejezések szótára. English-Hungarian and Hungarian-English dictionary of archaeological terms. Enciklopédia Kiadó, Budapest 2004;
The universality of human language above the diversity of vernaculars as theorized by Noam Chomsky creates the temptation to adapt the same idea to law. There are parallels between language and law, e.g., Latin language and Roman law, the universality, formality, and generativity of the two and the embeddedness of law in language. Chomsky’s universal generative grammar is applicable to law in a direct way but the theory is still extendable to semantics and pragmatics of law. The claim is that generating constructions of elemental constituents is an approved technique of law and jurisprudence as much as of linguistics. The pragmatic dimension of semiotics of law shows the significant contribution of law to consolidating social role of speech acts.
Abstract
2017 was a double anniversary: 1917 was the year of Somló’s main work – [Juristische Grundlehre Foundations of Law] and the appearance of Hohfeld’s last study – Fundamental Legal Conceptions… II. However, there is a greater connection between the two authors. Their work is intertwined by the impact of John Austin and the aspiration to introduce results of analytical philosophy of law to the spiritual community of lawyers, mostly being averse from this branch of philosophy. The common topos of their works was the conceptual problem of right/duty and the far reaching impact of their handling of the problem. The exposition of the problem did not come from nowhere but arouse from the intellectual mold of the age – the turn of 20th century. In their elaborations, they have long lasting impact, initiating scholarly debates to current times. It is argued that though their conceptual world differed, it is better to conclude that their results complemented, rather than destroyed each other and it is possible to integrate them in one overall conception.
