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- Author or Editor: S. Hekimoglu x
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Geodetic measurements are commonly used for monitoring volcanic activities and crustal motions. Together with paleoseismic and other geologic observations, geodetic data are central in long-term forecast of earthquake hazards. Presence of outliers in geodetic data strongly affects least squares principle, which are extensively used for data analysis and modeling in geodesy. Thus, the positions of the geodetic points are computed as biased. Robust methods are techniques used to construct estimates describing well data majority. In this study, some robust methods and conventional tests for outliers have been tested on a number of linear and nonlinear geodetic adjustment models. The results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the methods. Furthermore, we discuss how the effectiveness of the methods changes depending on various key parameters for geodetic networks, i.e. the number of outliers, the magnitude of outliers, the degree of freedom, the number of observation and number of unknowns.
Outliers in geodetic networks badly affect all parameters and their variances estimated by least-squares. Tests for outliers (e.g. Baarda’s and Pope’s tests) are frequently used to detect outliers in geodetic networks. To measure the ability of these tests, the mean success rate (MSR) is proposed. Studies have shown that the MSRs of these tests in geodetic networks are low due to the smearing effect of the least-squares estimation even if there is only one outlier in the data set. In this paper, a new approach, for small outliers, is presented to increase the MSRs of the tests for outliers in geodetic networks. The main idea is that if the weight of one observation is increased, the corresponding studentized or normalized residuals are increased, too. This thesis is proved. Hence, the ability of the tests to detect outliers can be increased by appropriately increasing the weight of one observation at a time and repeating this for all observations. This approach is applied to three simulated geodetic networks. We show that the MSRs of the outlier tests are improved by approximately 5% if there is one small outlier in the data set. However, the improvements in the MSRs for more than one outlier are low.
