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- Author or Editor: T. Morschhauser x
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Ecological indicator values, widely used botany, are empricial scales worked out for the most important factors. Values of enviromental factors determine the position of the vegetation units in a multidimensional abstarct space. Their latest version in Hungary is the catergory system of Borhidi (1995), which is adjusted ti the European systems (e. g. Ellenberg et al. 1992). Indicator values or categories, respectively, can be found, according to European practice, in a relational computerised database (Horváth et al. 1995) which is accpeted as a standard for the botanists. An example of isoline analysis, completed using ecological indicator values of vegetation samples, is presented on a modell area in Mecsek Mts of South Hungary. It has varied vegetation with diverse kind of human interference near Pécs. From the existing indicator values applied here temperatur (TB), water demand (WB) of plants and soil reaction (RB). Each single isocurve was constructed from the similar indicator values on a computerised way (Surfer 6.1). All the curves were made by the use of avarages, single values and certain groups of ecological indicator values. Only the figures amde by the avarages are presented here, because there is no additional unformation in the case of the use of single curves. Curves of temperature and water indicators (isoTB, isoWB) show climatic conditions changed by human impact. Curves of soil reaction (isoR) show in a given moment the actual vegetation, in time dimension that parts of enviroment wich are more sensitive to acidification. Analysing isoecological curves, human impact is easily recognisable (e.g. in surroundings of clear-cuttings, etc.). On the basis of our results added to monitoring system enviromental impacts of future industrial and forestry establishments can be modelled. Isolines, using above-mentioned indicator values help to reveal and quantify enviromental change, which is model-valued posibility for preparing enviromental impact studies and making quick decisions.
Birdseye primrose (Primula farinosa subsp. alpigena) is a strictly protected plant species of the Hungarian flora. Natural occurrences of the species are known from two fen meadows situated in a tectonic depression accompanying Lake Balaton. The restoration and management of recipient vegetation have a great importance because of the wide range fluctuation in number of individuals of the species for several years. In 2001 coenological behaviour was examined in classical and meso scale. Field data were collected by modified Zürich-Montpellier method and 1 m × 1 m quadrats as transects marked by environmental gradients with cover estimation by eye collecting presence-absence and quantitative data. Examining the classical and transect quadrats ecological indication, preferences and significance between species and habitats were revealed focusing on Birdseye primrose. In addition 8 soil parameters were analysed in Primula rich and Primula free sites of the habitats. The aim of our investigation was to broaden the knowledge about the biotic and abiotic habitat preferences of Birdseye primrose. According to our results not only the textural features (e.g. species composition, abundance) are insufficiant to save this species from extinction but the pattern and physiognomy of vegetation have more significance. The tussock-fen window complex provides prominent situation with its nudum surfaces offering favourable abiotic conditions and low competition. The effects of other characteristics of preferential sites (e.g. gap size, litter or moss cover) in micro scale are substantial in all probability. With this knowledge restoration and managing plan were executed focusing on two aspects: the maintenance of population size via directed seed dispersion and plantation and controlling of biotic as well as abiotic factors in the natural habitats.
A new closed rock sward association ( Festuco rupicolae-Arrhenatheretum Erdős et Morschhauser, ass. nova.) has been found and described in the Villány Mts (SW Hungary). This community lives in northern expositions, near the ridge or the plateau. Bedrock is limestone and dolomite. In the association dominated by the grasses Festuca rupicola and Arrhenatherum elatius , an unusual mixing of species can be encountered: species of the mesophilous forests, of the karst shrub-forests and of the xerophilous grasslands and rock swards occur together in this community. Description of the new community as a distinct association is supported by the PCoA ordination and the differential species. Ecological properties of the community were characterised by using ecological indicator values. This analysis also shows the dual character of the association. We analysed the new association by computing the spectra of the social behaviour types. The extraordinarily great amount of the disturbance tolerants is probably a consequence of the former grazing pressure or some other disturbance.
The paper revises and re-discusses the literature dealing with the phytosociology of the Spiraea rock heath communities based on relevés collected in North Hungary (Northern Hungarian Mountain Range) and South Hungary (Mecsek and Villány Mts). The comparative analyses confirmed the separation of the formerly described two associations and added one new subassociation to each. These are Waldsteinio-Spiraeetum mediae filipenduletosum and Helleboro odori-Spiraeetum scilletosum. Differences between stands along the three possible ecological gradients (southwest-northeast, north-facing vs. south-facing and vertical) were also analysed. An obvious continentality trend is identified along a southwest-northeast gradient and obvious ecological differences are detected between the south-facing and north-facing Spiraea stands. In contrast, no ecological trend is recognisable along a vertical gradient.
A new rock-heath association (Helleboro odori-Spiraeetum mediae Borhidi, Morschhauser et Salamon-Albert ass. nova) was recently discovered in Central Mecsek Mts which is described and discussed by the authors in the article. It represents a special skirt vegetation developing in contact with the chestnut oakwood on the edge of rocky ridges. It differs from the subcontinental rock-heath (Waldsteinio-Spiraeetum mediae Zólyomi 1936) living in the North Hungarian Middle Range by having a set of Balcanian, Pontic and sub-Mediterranean species occurring in both the shrub and herb layers. Higher indicator values of certain ecological factors, like temperature (T) and soil reaction (R) are indicating the special basiphilous and warm character of the habitat of the new community. SBT-spectrum shows the well-balanced state, the average values of VAL indicate the natural state of the community.
We review the population ecology of Allium ursinum according to its life history, phenology, demography, dispersal, and population dynamics. Spatial distribution is reviewed on two spatial scales. First, on a broad scale over Europe, in relation to the habitat requirement of the species. Second, on a fine scale of individual patches, presenting some results about the local processes of density regulation and patch formation. We conclude that A. ursinum has a distinct, hitherto non-described, strategy for monopolizing space and dominating the forest floor. This Clan-of-Clones strategy has the following attributes. 1) Most of the seeds are dispersed close to the parent. 2) Seedling establishment is facilitated by the surrounding adults. 3) Allocation to vegetative reproduction is relatively small; its main role is to prolong local persistence. 4) The genet is not integrated physiologically, except for a transient connection between parent and offspring. An important consequence of the Clan-of-Clones strategy is that occupied patches can be fine-grained mosaics in terms of genetic composition and age groups.
