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- Author or Editor: Tamás Guzsik x
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Az építészettörténeti vizsgálatok során bizonyos témák időnként fölbukkannak, a közlést követően az eredményeket mindenki tudomásul veszi, néha évtizedekre el- tűnnek az érdeklődés homlokteréből, hogy aztán újból, esetleg új megközelítésben ismét rájuk terelődjön a figyelem. A jelek szerint ilyen, ciklikusan visszatérő kér- dés a keresztény templomok nyugati terének vizsgálata. Mindenek előtt kötelessé- gemnek tartom fölidézni, hogy ebben a témában a magyar szakirodalomban elő- ször Entz Géza professzor közölt összefoglaló és elemző munkát még 1959-ben. 1 Húsz évvel később ugyanő visszatért a kérdésre, 2 korábbi gondolatmenetét kiegé- szítve A. Tomasewsky 1974-ben publikált közép-európai tipológiai tapasztalatai- val. 3 Entz Géza munkáinak megállapításait jelen tanulmány szerzője teljes egé- szében elfogadja és magáévá teszi. A téma kutatásának gyarló és méltatlan folyta- tójaként & immár ismét két évtized elteltével & továbbfejlesztésként a vizsgálatot kiterjesztettem a Westwerk, a nyugati kórus (szentély), a nyugati karzat és nyugati előcsarnok összefüggéseire, időben és térben tágabb előképeire, valamint a külön- böző liturgikus cselekményekben betöltött szerepére.
It is a not too frequently discussed but preferred theme in medieval architecture to eternize a foundation of a church on a wall painting or in relief. In most cases it is the founder or the denominator saint who holds the model of the church in his hands. The earliest mosaics of this kind can be seen in and around Ravenna from the 6th century, in the Western art it is frequent from the 12th and 13th centuries. The earliest known donation relief in Armenian architecture is that of the west facade of Aghtamar church (built between 915-921): the founder King Gaghik holding the model of the church and Christ can be seen. Several foundation reliefs had been made between the 10th and 13th century in Armenian monasteries (Haghbat, Sanahin, Haritch, Haghardsin etc.). Their themes slightly differ from the precedent of Aghtamar: among the persons surrounding (or holding) the model we cannot see Christ. One of the figures is presumably the donator, the other can be the architect. The arrangement is extraordinarily interesting on the ń since destroyed ń relief fragment found in the Gaghik church in Ani. Here the figure having a turban on his head supposed to be the master of the church named Trdat. The representation of the church models raises the question of design technique. Reliefs are often flat carved (relief en bas) while the church model is in almost every case a sculpture. There are also known Armenian examples of church-models independent of donation reliefs (e. g. Sanahin). This propounds the possible method of design by which the donator accepted the project of the church which had been realised in favour of a better understanding in the model hold by the architect.
At the turn of the 13th and 14th century a new, wide-spread but shortlived possession-system was developed by the Ákos-clan in the territory of modern Borsod county.Their estate was bipolar. They had two administrational centres with a castle and a monastery. Their main administrational centre was in Diósgyőr on the eastern part of their possession but they had another castle in Dédes on the west. The Ákos-clan had two castles built on their estate and they founded a monastery of order of hermit St. Paul in both administrational centre.This clan owned their estate for only 70 years but during this very short period they had some important building built. Fortunately, we know every building was built by this clan. The scientists discovered and cleared te early periods of the castle in Diósgyőr and digged up the foundation-walls of the monastery close to the castle. Although we do not know very much about the castle in Dédes, the walls of the monastery in Dédes-Szentlélek remained in well condition. The author of this essay dealed with this territory since he was young. And now we can read about his favourite subject, unfortunatelly some months after his death.
At the turn of the 13th and 14th century a new, wide-spread but shortlived possession-system was developed by the Ákos-clan in the territory of modern Borsod county. Their estate was bipolar. They had two administrational centres with a castle and a monastery. Their main administrational centre was in Diósgyőr on the eastern part of their possession but they had another castle in Dédes on the west. The Ákos-clan had two castles built on their estate and they founded a monastery of order of hermit St. Paul in both administrational centre. This clan owned their estate for only 70 years but during this very short period they had some important building built. Fortunately, we know every building was built by this clan. The scientists discovered and cleared te early periods of the castle in Diósgyőr and digged up the foundation-walls of the monastery close to the castle. Although we do not know very much about the castle in Dédes, the walls of the monastery in Dédes-Szentlélek remained in well condition. The author of this essay dealed with this territory since he was young. And now we can read about his favourite subject, unfortunatelly some months after his death.
