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- Author or Editor: V. Singh x
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A field experiment was conducted with 8 genotypes of vegetable pea and 3 levels of rhizobial inoculation for two consecutive years. Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum @ 20 g kg −1 seed made the plants taller and enhanced biomass production through branching, but delayed maturity. It resulted in more pods, enlarging them to contain more seeds, leading to higher test weight and enhanced harvest index. It increased nodulation, the benefit of which was reflected in most of the yield traits. It also enriched the seeds with nitrogen and protein, as well as activating nitrogenase enzyme in the root nodules to fix more atmospheric nitrogen.
Abstract
This paper reports findings from a study on the perceptions of work climate and the patters of relationships between work climate dimensions and performance of research and development units in six countries. The study is based on the analysis of the subset of date collected in Argentina, Egypt, India, Republic of Korea, Poland and UkSSR for the second round of International Comparative Study on the Organization and Performance of Research Units. The following dimensions of work climate have been usec: morale, openness, job satisfaction, work contacts, career opportunities, satisfaction with supervisor, information on research plans, research autonomy. Stepwise regression analyses were carrier out separately for each country and also on global sample to find out the important dimensions of work climate in explaining the variations in the performance of R&D units. The set of work climate dimensions are related separately for two different measures of performance of research units, viz. (1) scientific effectiveness; and (2) user-oriented effectiveness. The implications of this study for management of research and development groups are discussed.
Abstract
The present work deals with study of uptake behavior of zinc and mercury ions by hydrous ceric oxide applying a radiotracer technique. The influence of various parameters such as concentration, temperature and pH have been examined. It was observed that the amount of zinc and mercury ions adsorbed at equilibrium increases with increase of adsorptive concentration (1.0·10−7 to 1.0·10−2M), temperature (303–333K) and pH (ca. 3–10). Concentration dependence data agree well with the classical Freundlich isotherm. The radiation stability of hydrous ceric oxide was also investigated by exposing it to a 11.1 GBq (Ra−Be) source associated with γ-dose of 1.72 Gy·h−1 and also using a60Co source (4.66 kGy·h−1). Adsorption of these metal ions in the presence of some monovalent and divalent cations and complexing agents has also been included in the study.
Inorganic particulates in removal of toxic heavy metal ions
VIII. Removal of zinc, cadmium and mercury ions from aqueous solution by hydrous titanium oxide
Abstract
Adsorption behavior of zinc, cadmium and mercury ions on hydrous titanium oxide in aqueous solution has been studied as a function of concentration of the metal ion (10−2−10−7M), temperature (303–333 K) and pH 3–10 by applying radiotracer technique. The kinetics of adsorption follows the first order rate law and agrees well with the classical Freundlich isotherm. The removal was found to increase with increasing pH but was suppressed in the presence of EDTA. The overall process is endothermic and irreversible in nature.
Aphids have acquired the status of major pest in North-western plains of India. A complex of five species infests the wheat in this part of the country. The diatomaceous earth (DE) has the potential to substitute the most widely used method of chemical control. Laboratory and field investigations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of DE either as soil or foliar application for suppression of wheat aphids during 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. The fecundity, adult longevity and total developmental duration of Rhopalosiphum padi decreased with the increasing dosage of soil application of DE in laboratory evaluation. However in field studies, no significant difference in aphid population was observed among different levels of DE application in soil. Foliar application of DE 150 kg/ha and higher dosages significantly reduced aphid population for initial two days but thereafter it had no effect on aphid prevalence. Wheat plant dusted with different dosages of DE did not show any visible injury but the reduction in chlorophyll content was observed in them. Overall, poor field efficacy coupled with loss of chlorophyll and safety issues relating to foliar application of DE proved against its use for control of sucking insect pests.
Seismically Kutch peninsula is very active. The distribution of seismicity in Peninsular Shield region from 1902 to 2001 show 12 earthquakes of M ≥ 6. The energy ratio from Kutch basin to Deccan trap is 20:1 and from trap to rest of the shield is 5:1. The last one hundred years seismicity data show Kutch basin is seismically more active than Deccan trap and the rest of the Peninsular Shield. The maximum magnitude of earthquake in the Kutch region is 7.7. The generations of large earthquakes in the region are difficult to explain, as plate boundary does not exist. In order to understand the physical processes that are taking place in the region to generate such large events the detailed analyses of geophysical and geological data have been examined in the light of development of rift, subsidence of basin, vertical tectonics and recent geophysical findings. In such regions, petrologic model can provide better explanation for release of fluid that generates large earthquakes, sprouting of sands, liquefaction, and large number of aftershocks activities and direction of stresses for aftershock sequences. The presence of magma in the Kutch upper mantle could be derived from various geological (subsidence of basin, development of rift faults) and geophysical observations (high heat flow over Cambay region, prominent positive Bouguer gravity anomalies and low shear velocity in the upper mantle). The inspection of seismological data shows all the medium size to large earthquake have occurred in shear zone of large gravity gradients or along the four major faults of the region. In view of geological and geophysical observations, petrologic model is proposed for generation of earthquakes in the region. The number of aftershocks and direction of stresses in the focal region of aftershocks would depend on the direction of movement of fluid incursion in the focal region after the occurrence of the main events. The recent Bhuj earthquake also shows more than 3000 aftershocks from Jan 29 to April 15, 2001. The expanding swarm activity in the focal region and the direction of stresses derived from first motion data of aftershocks for focal depths 2 to 8 km, 8 to 25 km, and 25 to 38 km supports the proposed model. Also, shear wave tomography studies in this region have revealed low shear wave velocity in the upper mantle of Cambay from shallow depth to 200 km depth showing high temperature zone. The analyses reveal the presence of conducting fluid in the focal zone, which is the main cause for generation of medium size to large earthquake in the region.
Time dependent seismicity investigation in six seismogenic sources of Nepal and its adjoining areas in the Central Himalaya reveal that there is intermediate time clustering of the moderate size shallow earthquake in each seismogenic source. The inter-event times, between the successive shallow mainshocks, of the magnitude equal to or larger than certain cut-off magnitudes for each of these sources are used for long-term earthquake hazard prediction corresponding to individual sources of the region. For the hazard estimation, the following relations have been established here as: log T t = 0.46 M min +0.07 M p +0.02 log m 0 −2.38, and M f = 0.78 M min −0.25 M p −0.04 log m 0 + 4.32, where T t is the inter-event time measured in years; M min is the moment magnitude of the smallest mainshock considered; M p is the magnitude of preceding main shock, M f is the magnitude of the following mainshock and m 0 is the moment rate in each source per year. The value of σ = 0.22 and multi-correlation coefficient, R = 0.62 for the first equation and σ = 0.30 and R = 0.59 for the second equation are estimated.Based on these relations and using the magnitude and time of occurrence of the last main shocks in each seismogenic source, time dependent conditional probabilities of the next shallow main shocks during the next 10, 20 and 30 years as well as the magnitude of the expected main shocks are forecast.
Abstract
The paper presents the review of application of three thermal techniques viz; differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); for studying the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous heating and fire. It also critically analyses the experimental standards adopted by different researchers, while applying these techniques in studying thermal behaviour of coal samples. The paper also presents the future direction of research in this subject area.
Abstract
The radiotracer technique has been applied to find the transference number of anion/cation constituents of iodine-alcohols “inner chargetransfer complexes” and it is deduced that the anions are the main charge carriers.
