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Fluidized bed dryers are widely used in several fields of industry. Sufficiently accurate thermal models provide an opportunity to increase the effectiveness of dryers. The required size of a fluidized bed dryer can be defined with the application of mathematical model. This work is aimed at developing mathematical model to investigate the influence of operating parameters in a fluidized bed dryer using volumetric heat transfer coefficient. After the defining the input parameters of the differential equations, the required entry length of the dryer which effective heat and mass transfer between gas and particles takes place can be estimated. The correct estimation of the entry length is useful in optimal design of a fluidized bed dryer. Using the model the impact of the drying parameters can be determined to the required length.
Within a survey made of Hungarian awareness of, attitudes towards, and preferences for food labels and pricing, this study focused on consumers’ reactions to quality and country of origin labels. Data were collected with a standard questionnaire, face-to-face interviews (1000 participants) in the respondents’ home. It became obvious that consumers were looking for information about quality (rating its importance at 4.04) on packages, but information about origin (3.94) and production (3.89) was also important to them. The capability of respondents to spontaneously recall country of origin and quality labels was very limited: 35.5% of all respondents could not name any such labels. The best known label was “Hungarian Product” (30.5%), which was recognized by up to 90% of the respondents after they were shown it. Many consumers were ready to pay premium for products bearing this label (31.7%). According to our results, information about quality is important to consumers, but they do not look for it deliberately, and only a few consumers ascribe a higher value to products with labels bearing this information. There is a pressing need to increase consumers’ confidence for trademarks through dissemination of reliable information.
Abstract
A new combined single step gamma-spectrometric and passive X-ray fluorescent measurement method and a corresponding procedure have been developed. Only one gamma-X-ray spectrometric measurement is required in order to determine both235U enrichment and U-total concentration of the measured sample. In this way, if the sample is homogeneous and weighted, the total quantities of U-total and235U can be determined. The main advantages of this approach over the enrichment measurement method used are: (1) the U-concentration of the measured material is determined; (2) the235U enrichment is determined more reliably and accurately. The matrix of the material, which influences the enrichment measurement, is also determined and taken into account.
Abstract
Sensory properties of foods mainly affect purchasing decisions. In case of sausages, deterioration of pigments of meat and spices cause discolouration, while lipid oxidation leads to the formation of off-odours, and these two processes are connected. Lipid oxidation promotes the conversion of pigments, while the formation of metmyoglobin accelerates lipid oxidation. The scope of the study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of malondialdehyde equivalents (MDA) and CIELAB colour coordinates in a Hungarian sausage with paprika, sliced and stored under refrigerated conditions for 10 weeks. We detected negative correlation (P < 0.001) between the MDA-level and a* and b*; and positive correlation (P < 0.001) between the MDA-level and L*. The observed correlation between MDA level and colour coordinates supports the assumption that the oxidation of lipids and pigments are interrelated in the case of sausage with paprika.
Az akut myocardialis infarctus diagnosztikájában az elsőként választandó marker a kardiális troponin. A mai nagy érzékenységű troponintesztek már kisfokú szívizom-károsodást is kimutatnak, amely az értékelést megnehezíti. Módszerek: Húsz beteg szérumából két időpontban (amelyek között három–kilenc óra telt el) nagy érzékenységű troponin T (Roche) és troponin I (Mitsubishi Pathfast), illetve kreatin-kináz-meghatározás történt. Eredmények: Az infarktus nélküli csoportban (n = 10) a kreatin-kináz és kreatin-kináz-MB aktivitása nem nőtt, de a troponin T és troponin I szintje egyéb okból (pitvarfibrilláció, paroxysmalis supraventricularis tachycardia) kissé nőtt. Az infarktusos betegek (n = 10) második mintájában drámai troponin T- és troponin I-növekedés volt észlelhető, emellett a kreatin-kináz, illetve kreatin-kináz-MB aktivitása is nőtt. A Fischer-próba szerint a troponin T-szint legalább kétszeres növekedése 19-szeres, a troponin I-szint megduplázódása nyolcszoros esélyhányadost jelent akut myocardialis infarctusra. Következtetések: A troponin értékeléséhez figyelembe kell venni a társult betegségeket, és ha a troponinszint emelkedett, a meghatározást három–hat óra elteltével meg kell ismételni. Ha a troponin legalább kétszeresére nő és a betegnek mellkasi fájdalma, illetve akut kardiális történésre utaló EKG-eltérései vannak, az akut myocardialis infarctus valószínű, és a beteget eszerint kell ellátni. Bár a troponin kiindulási értéke lehet emelkedett a társult betegségek miatt is, az akut és krónikus szívizom-károsodás elkülöníthető egy második troponinmeghatározással. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1528–1534.
