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- Author or Editor: X. -H. Sun x
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Field cultivation practices affected soil temperature that influenced the crop development of winter crops. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of different mulch materials, tillage depths and planting methods on spike differentiation of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The field experiment was consisted of three tests: (i) polythene mulch, straw mulch and no mulch; (ii) ridge planting and furrow planting; (iii) conventional tillage and shallow tillage. The results showed that soil temperature was affected by different practices. The higher soil temperature under polythene mulch resulted in the earlier initiation of spike differentiation, while straw mulch decreased soil temperature in spring that delayed the initiation compared with the non-mulch treatment. The spike initiation under ridge planting started earlier than that of furrow planting. Reduced tillage delayed the initiation compared with the conventional tillage. Duration of spike differentiation lasted longer under earlier starting of initiation that increased the grain numbers per spike. Other yield component characters were not affected by soil temperature. It was concluded that in the North China Plain where grain-filling duration of winter wheat was limited, agricultural practices that increased soil temperature in spring were favorable for grain production.
Abstract
In this paper studies on the oscillation regularity of the classical B–Z reaction system, and the calorimetric curves of the reaction system measured at three temperatures, 25, 27 and 29°C are described. A new way is presented for studying the regularity properties of chemical oscillation phenomena from the viewpoint of reaction heat effects.
Abstract
The kinetic characteristic of thermal decomposition of the Emulsion Explosive Base Containing Fe and Mn elements (EEBCFM) which was used to prepare nano-MnFe2O4 particles via detonation method was investigated by means of non-isothermal DSC and TG methods at various heating rates of 2.5, 5 and 7.5°C min−1respectively under the atmosphere of dynamic air from room temperature to 400°C. The results indicated that the EEBCFM was sensitive to temperature, especially to heating rate and could decompose at the temperature up to 60°C. The maximum speed of decomposition (dα/dT)m at the heating rate of 5 and 7.5°C min−1 was more than 10 times of that at 2.5°C min−1 and nearly 10 times of that of the second-category coal mine permitted commercial emulsion explosive (SCPCEE). The plenty of metal ions could seriously reduce the thermal stability of emulsion explosive, and the decomposition reaction in the conversion degree range of 0.0∼0.6 was most probably controlled by nucleation and growth mechanism and the mechanism function could be described with Avrami-Erofeev equation with n=2. When the fractional extent of reaction α>0.6, the combustion of oil phase primarily controlled the decomposition reaction.
Abstract
The method of high-temperature hydrolysis separating fluorine from UF4 is described. The determination of the content of fluorine by different methods is performed and compared.
Abstract
The isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from traditional Chinese drugs of Phellodendri Cortex, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae, Corydalis Yanhusuo and Corydalis Bungeana. The power-time curves of growth of E. coli at different concentrations of isoquinoline alkaloid at 37�C were determined by a 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. The rate constant of bacteriostastic activity was calculated. The relationship between growth rate constant and concentration was established. The optimum bacteriostastic concentration was determined. Experimental results have indicated that all the isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from the four kinds of traditional Chinese drugs have bacteriostastic activity and the order is Phellodendri Cortex>Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae>Corydalis Yanhusuo>Corydalis Bungeana.
Genetic structure of 142 parent lines of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was analyzed using model-based approach based on SSR markers. Forty-one selected from 103 SSR markers were used to analyze the parent lines, which generated 189 alleles revealed by each marker ranging from 2 to 11 with an average of 4.6 per marker. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.543 with a range of 0.089 to 0.850. All the parent lines were assigned to 7 subgroups, named Kafir, Kaoliang, Feterita, Shallu, Hegari, Milo and Durra. Parent lines without clear pedigree record were clustered into their corresponding groups, and genetic components of each line were estimated by Q-values. Information of this study would be useful for breeders to conclude their genetic background and select appropriate parents for germplasm improvement and hybrid breeding, and thus improve the efficiency of breeding programs.
Abstract
The power-time curves of the growth of three strains of petroleum bacteria at different temperatures have been determined. A novel equation of a power-time curve has been proposed in this paper. The general formula to calculate the rate constant of the bacterial growth has been derived. The rate constants of the bacterial growth at different temperatures, the heat production per newly formed bacterium, the bacterial number at the end of the bacterial growth and the deceleration rate constant of the bacterial growth at 50.00°C, have been calculated. The optimum growth temperatures of the three strains have been obtained.
Summary
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an ultra-sensitive method to monitor and trace the environmental exposure levels of 14C-labeled molecules in vivo. Nicotine [3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-pyridine], a major alkaloid in tobacco products, has proven to be a potential genotoxic compound. Using 14C-labeled nicotine and AMS, we have investigated the inhibitory effect of curcumin, garlic squeeze, grapeseed extract, tea polyphenols, vitamin C and vitamin E, respectively, on nicotine-hemoglobin (Hb) adduction in vivo. The results demonstrated that these dietary constituents induced remarkable decrease of nicotine-Hb adducts. The inhibitory fact may afford an important clue of the chemoprevention of the potential nicotine-induced carcinogenesis.
