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In this paper, we show a Marcinkiewicz type interpolation theorem for Orlicz spaces. As an application, we obtain an existence result for a parabolic equation in divergence form.
The Taihang Mountain Range is located at E112°50′–114°30′, N35°20′–39°30′ in North China. This study aimed to reveal relationships between plant communities, soil variables and topographic variables. Floristic data and environmental data from sixty-eight quadrats of 10 m × 20 m along an elevation gradient from 1050 to 2180 m were analysed by TWINSPAN, DCA and CCA. Eight vegetation formations were recognized, all secondary successional stages following the original broad-leaved deciduous forests’ distraction by human activities. The results showed that the community patterns are related to both soil variables and topographic variables. Among the soil variables, soil N, P, K and organic matter were found to be the most important factors forcing the spatial patterns of plant communities. The vegetation patterns were also significantly correlated with the topographic variables, elevation, slope and aspect. Interactions between the environmental variables were significant. It is concluded that further measures for the conservation of vegetation and protection of soils in the Taihang Mountains must be undertaken.
Abstract
The action of three kinds of the selenomorpholine compounds on a strain ofEscherichia coli was studied by microcalorimetry. Differences in their capacities to affect the metabolism of this bacterium were observed. The extent and duration of the effect on the metabolism as judged from the rate constant (k) of Escherichia coli (in log phase) varied with the different drugs. The kinetics show that selenomorpholine compounds had an effect on the metabolism process of Escherichia coli. The k of Escherichia coli in the presence of the drugs increased with the increasing concentrations of the drugs (C) at low concentration; but at high concentration, the rate constant decreased with the increasing concentrations of the drugs. The experimental results reveal that the sequence of antibiotic activity of selenomorpholines is: N-selenomorpholinemethyl succinimide and its hydrochloride>N-(α-selenomorpholinebenzyl) succinimide.
2′,4′,6′,4-Tetra-O-acetylphloretin (TAPHL) is a prodrug of phloretin (PHL) in which the OH groups are protected by acetylation. A validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of PHL in rat biological matrices was developed and applied to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of PHL and TAPHL in rats following a single oral administration. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, range, selectivity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), recovery, and matrix effect. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria according to regulatory guidelines. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of t max, C max, AUC(0 − t), CL/F, and t 1/2 were observed after oral administration in rats. The data showed that PHL was absorbed and eliminated rapidly from plasma after oral administration. The pharmacokinetic properties are improved, such as the t max has been prolonged and the area under the curve (AUC) has been enhanced after oral administration of TAPHL to rats. Tissue distribution results indicated that PHL could be rapidly and widely distributed into tissues but could not effectively cross the blood–brain barrier in rats. After oral administration of TAPHL to rats, its tissue distribution to rats was similar as that after oral administration of equimolar PHL. In addition, higher recoveries of PHL following administration of TAPHL indicated that TAPHL might reduce the excretion of PHL from the body by reducing the first pass effect.
Abstract
Cu(nor)2·H2O (1), Zn(nor)2·4H2O (2), Ni(nor)2·2H2O (3), [Cu(nor)(phen)]NO3·4H2O (4), [Zn(nor)(phen)]NO3·2H2O (5), and [Ni(nor)(phen)]NO3·3H2O (6) were synthesized and their action on Tetrahymena growth was studied by microcalorimetry. The growth constant (k), inhibitory ratio (I), and half-inhibiting concentration (IC50) were calculated, which showed that the complexes had a strong inhibitory effect on Tetrahymena. All these complexes can inhibit the growth of Tetrahymena more strongly than norfloxacin. The norfloxacin–metal complexes exhibited better inhibitory activity than nor–phen–metal complexes. The power–time curves of Tetrahymena growth in the presence of norfloxacin were also measured. It was found that all complexes showed higher inhibitory activity than norfloxacin. And the inhibitory mechanism was discussed preliminarily. The diverse inhibition may be due to the ability of the complexes to penetrate into cells and the effect of these complexes on the nucleic acid. Microcalorimetry has been used extensively in many biological and chemical investigations as a universal, non-destructive, continuously running, and highly sensitive tool.
Abstract
Experiments on the removal and recovery of U(VI) from aqueous solution by tea waste were conducted. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer before and after the adsorption treatment. The removal of U(VI) amounts to 86.80 % at optimum pH 6. The adsorption process reaches its equilibrium in 12 h at 308 K, and the kinetic characteristic can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The amount of adsorption increases from 22.92 to 142.21 mg g−1 with the decrease of tea waste dosage from 100 to 10 mg for solution with an initial uranium concentration of 50 mg L−1. Desorption for the four strippants is higher than 80 %. The equilibrium data are more agreeable with Freundlich isotherm than Langmuir isotherm.
Summary
Schizonepeta annua (Pall.) Schischk. is an endemic annual plant from the Lamiaceae family and it has been employed to cure tracheitis in traditional herbal medicine. Its essential oil exhibited a strong antimicrobial and antioxidative effect. Next, high-performance thin-layer chromatography-bioautography was applied for investigation of the bioactive compounds of S. annua, and gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to perform subsequent targeted identification of compounds. Three active components were characterized, and two of them were tentatively identified as thymol and carvacrol. S. annua has the potential to be a good alternative for synthetic disinfectants and antioxidants.
Abstract
Translation assessment represents a productive line of research in Translation Studies. An array of methods has been trialled to assess translation quality, ranging from intuitive assessment to error analysis and from rubric scoring to item-based assessment. In this article, we introduce a lesser-known approach to translation assessment called comparative judgement. Rooted in psychophysical analysis, comparative judgement grounds itself on the assumption that humans tend to be more accurate in making relative judgements than in making absolute judgements. We conducted an experiment, as both a methodological exploration and a feasibility investigation, in which novice and experienced judges were recruited to assess English-Chinese translation, using a computerised comparative judgement platform. The collected data were analysed to shed light on the validity and reliability of assessment results and the judges’ perceptions. Our analysis shows that (1) overall, comparative judgement produced valid measures and facilitated judgement reliability, although such results seemed to be affected by translation directionality and judges’ experience, and (2) the judges were generally confident about their decisions, despite some emergent factors undermining the validity of their decision making. Finally, we discuss the use of comparative judgement as a possible method in translation assessment and its implications for future practice and research.
Abstract
Two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of M(HBTC)(4,4′-bipy)·3DMF [M = Ni (for 1) and Co (for 2); H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (1,3,5-BTC); 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine; DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide] were synthesized by a one-pot solution reaction and a solvothermal method, respectively, and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectra. The low-temperature molar heat capacities of M(HBTC)(4,4′-bipy)·3DMF were measured by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) for the first time. The thermodynamic parameters such as entropy and enthalpy relative to reference temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the above molar heat capacity data. Moreover, the thermal stability and the decomposition mechanism of M(HBTC)(4,4′-bipy)·3DMF were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The experimental results through TGA measurement demonstrate that both of the two compounds have a three-stage mass loss in air flow.
Emasculation and bagging of flowers, which are widely used in the controlled pollination of monoclinous plants, may induce premature senescence, flower abscission and low fruit set. To determine the mechanism responsible for these phenomena, levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene, soluble sugars, reducing sugars and free amino acids in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) flowers subjected to different treatments were quantified at different developmental stages. The phytohormones and assimilates were also quantified in untreated flowers to investigate the presence of discernible patterns. The levels of ethylene and ABA in emasculated and bagged (EB) flowers increased prematurely compared with those of untreated flowers, whereas the content of reducing sugars in EB flowers decreased compared with that of untreated flowers. These results indicated that the premature increase in ethylene and ABA synthesis, and the decrease in reducing sugars content, in EB flowers may cause flower abscission and result in low fruit set, which may be relevant for assimilate applications and future research on the regulation of controlled pollinations with exogenous phytohormones.
