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- Author or Editor: Y. Ren x
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Abstract
Some atomic decomposition theorems are proved in vector-valued weak martingale Hardy spaces w p Σα(X), w p Q α(X) and wD α(X). As applications of atomic decompositions, a sufficient condition for sublinear operators defined on some vector-valued weak martingale Hardy spaces to be bounded is given. In particular, some weak versions of martingale inequalities for the operators f*, S (p)(f) and σ(p)(f) are obtained.
The synthetic systemic acquired resistance elicitor benzothiadiazole (BTH) has been shown to elicit avenanthramide biosynthesis in the oat cultivar ‘Belle’. This report investigates the response of multiple oat cultivars to BTH as well as 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) at different growth stages. Oat seedlings (‘Gem’, ‘Kame’ and ‘Ogle’) were treated with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or benzothiadiazole (BTH) at the three leaf (Z13) stage and subsequently assessed for accumulation of avenanthramides and analyzed for the activities of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroycinnamoyl transferase (HHT). In addition, four cultivars (‘Belle’, ‘Gem’, ‘Kame’, and ‘Ogle’) were treated at the Z43 stage with BTH. The results indicated that after 48 h avenanthramides accumulated to significantly higher levels in the oat leaves in response to both INA and BTH treatment and this response tended to be fairly long lasting (336 h or more). Both elicitors also raised the activities of HHT enzyme in seedling leaves after 48 h. Genotypic differences in the kinetics and quantitative response were also observed in both the seedlings and the mature plants. The magnitude of avenanthramide production in the leaves was somewhat higher in the more mature plants. Filling grain also showed higher levels of avenanthramides compared to the untreated controls.
Abstract
TG and DTA analysis of Y1−xCaxBa2Cu3O7−y suggests that the stability of the 123 phase increases with increasing Ca contents. The O(1) in the Cu(1)-O chain is unstable but O(2) and O(3) in Cu(2)-O planes are very stable. There are hardly any oxygen vacancies in the Cu(2)-O plane. The replacement of Y by Ca does not make oxygen vacancies in Cu(2)-O planes but leads to an increase in the oxidation number of copper in Cu(2)-O planes.
Abstract
The decomposition kinetics of reference calcite and three ultra-fine samples with different morphologies are investigated. The kinetic parameters and rate equation are obtained according to the methods reported in our previous studies. Compared with the reference calcite, a considerable diminution of the activation energy E a up to 70–80 kJ mol−1 is observed in the case of three ultra-fine samples. There are also some distinct differences concerning the activation energy of each of the ultra-fine sample. This may have something to do with the particle morphology revealed by TEM and SEM measurements. XRD measurements of four calcite samples show that large strain exists in the crystal lattice in the case of ultra-fine calcite samples. This may give a reason to their abnormal decomposition behavior.
Abstract
A novel complex, [Pr(5-nip)(phen)(NO3)(DMF)] (5-nip: 5-nitroisophthalic acid; phen: 1,10-phenanthroline, DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide), was prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum and DTG-DSC techniques. The results show that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with a=11.0876(6) Å, b=12.8739(7) Å, c=16.9994(8) Å; β=91.193(4)°, Z=4, D c=1.822 Mg m–3, F(000)=1320. Each Pr(III) ion is nine-coordinated by one chelating bidentate and two monodentate bridging carboxylate groups, one chelating bidentate nitryl group, one DMF molecule and one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule. The complex is constructed with one-dimensional ribbons featuring dinuclear units and the one-dimensional ribbons are further assembled into two-dimensional networks by strong π–π stacking interactions. The complex has high stability up to 500°C. The enthalpy change of formation of the compound in DMF was measured using an RD496-III type microcalorimeter with the value of –9.214±0.173 kJ mol–1.
Abstract
The synthesis of superheavy elements is now a hot topic in nuclear physics. Alpha-decay and spontaneous fission are two main decay modes in heavy and superheavy regions. Theoretical studies on alpha radioactivity and spontaneous fission can provide useful information for experiments. We investigate the alpha-decay and spontaneous fission of heavy and superheavy nuclei with different models. This includes the alpha-decay energies, alpha decay half-lives, and half-lives of spontaneous fission. The theoretical alpha-decay half-lives are in good agreement with experimental ones. The calculated half-lives of spontaneous fission are in reasonable agreement with present data. The properties of unknown nuclei are predicted.
Abstract
Thermogravimetry (TG) was employed to study the thermal degradation kinetics of poly(etherketone/sulfone)ethylimide (PEK-IE and PES-IE). The corresponding decomposition activation energies and reaction orders were obtained and the comparison was made with their parent polymerspoly(ether-ketone/sulfone) with Cardo group (PEK-C and PES-C). The results show that the degradation activation energies of PEK-IE and PES-IE were lower than that of PEK-C and PES-C; and two stages of the degradation process were found for all the four polymers. For PEK-IE and PES-IE, the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are much lower than that in the second stage and the two stages can be taken as slow induction and fast degradation, whereas for PEK-C and PES-C the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are larger than that in the second stage, and the two stages can both be taken as two fast degradation stages. The decomposition mechanism of the two stages was also speculated.
Abstract
3,3-Dinitroazetidinium (DNAZ) salt of perchloric acid (DNAZ·HClO4) was prepared, it was characterized by the elemental analysis, IR, NMR, and a X-ray diffractometer. The thermal behavior and decomposition reaction kinetics of DNAZ·HClO4 were investigated under a non-isothermal condition by DSC and TG/DTG techniques. The results show that the thermal decomposition process of DNAZ·HClO4 has two mass loss stages. The kinetic model function in differential form, the value of apparent activation energy (E a) and pre-exponential factor (A) of the exothermic decomposition reaction of DNAZ·HClO4 are f(α) = (1 − α)−1/2, 156.47 kJ mol−1, and 1015.12 s−1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 188.5 °C. The values of ΔS ≠, ΔH ≠, and ΔG ≠of this reaction are 42.26 J mol−1 K−1, 154.44 kJ mol−1, and 135.42 kJ mol−1, respectively. The specific heat capacity of DNAZ·HClO4 was determined with a continuous C p mode of microcalorimeter. Using the relationship between C p and T and the thermal decomposition parameters, the time of the thermal decomposition from initiation to thermal explosion (adiabatic time-to-explosion) was evaluated as 14.2 s.
Abstract
The uptake of rare earth elements (REE) by Euglena gracilis cells has been investigated in Fudan University. The remarkable ability to transport REEs to these cell’s compartments had been observed. X-ray absorption fine structure experiments (XAFS) of cerium in Euglena gracilis were performed at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) to directly determine the cerium valence state and coordination structure in situ. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) derived calculation showed that cerium was surrounded by 8 N atoms with bond length of 0.258 nm. Combining with other measurements, it may indicate that most likely REEs are mainly located in chlorophyll molecules.
Abstract
The activity and structural variation of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) at different phosphorylation levels during incubation at 4 °C were explored in this study. The GP was assigned into four treatments to obtain high/low phosphorylation levels, which were (1) treated with glycogen phosphorylase kinase (Phk) to obtain high phosphorylation level, (2) treated with protein kinase A to obtain high phosphorylation level, (3) treated with alkaline phosphatase to obtain low phosphorylation level, and (4) control. Compared with the control group, the content of α-helix and β-sheet increased and the secondary structure of GP changed from disorder to order after phosphorylation. The activity of GP was increased and its structure was more tightly in the Phk group than that in the control group. The phosphorylation at Ser277, Ser430, Ser809, Thr304, Tyr298, and Tyr525 resulted in tighter spatial structure. In conclusion, phosphorylation of GP enhanced its catalytic activity by making the secondary and spatial structure more orderly, which is of great significance for controlling meat quality by regulating glycolysis.
