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- Author or Editor: Z. Ma x
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Fusarium head blight disease (FHB) in wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex), is a very serious disease threatening wheat production worldwide. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods have been established for rapid and quantitative detection of many plant pathogens. In this study, a specific pair of primers was designed based on the sequence of DNA fragment (740 bp) amplified by a microsatellite primer M13 from Fg complex isolates. This pair of primers was able to amplify a 380 bp fragment from all Fg complex isolates but not from any other tested fungal species. Using this pair of primers, a real-time PCR assay was developed to quantitatively detect small amounts of Fg complex in wheat seeds. This sensitive and quantitative detection assay could be useful in epidemiological studies and assessment of mycotoxin contamination in wheat seeds.
Abstract
In this paper, the Laplace inversion technique, i.e., CONTIN program, has been used to analyze the positron lifetime spectra to obtain continuous annihilation rate distribution (ARD). Two kinds of materials were studied by measuring the positron ARD. In dealuminated Y-type zeolite, five peaks were observed, and the longest component is related to o-Ps lifetime in the secondary pores. In GaAs and in InP semiconductors, the native defects were successfully identified by the difference in positron ARD shape. More evidently, when InP sample was irradiated with high energy heavy ions, the positron ARD showed difference with different irradiation dose. These results indicate that the CONTIN analysis is a good complement to the PATFIT program.
Abstract
Rare earth complexes ofm-nitrobenzoic acid (LnL3·2H2O,Ln=La-Lu and Y, except Pm, HL=m-nitrobenzoic acid) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, chemical analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The dehydration behaviour of these complexes was studied in detail by means of TG-DTA and DSC. Dehydration occurs over the temperature range 76–215°C, and the temperature of formation of the anhydrous complexes decreases with increasing atomic number of the rare earth. The activation energies and enthalpy changes for te dehydration were obtained.
The common wheat line, YW243, developed in our research group, was tested for the resistances of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), powdery mildew (Pm) and stripe rust in field, and was analyzed by molecular markers for convenient trace of the resistant genes in breeding. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay further demonstrated that YW243 was a homozygous multiple translocation line of Triticum aestivum, Thinopyrum intermedium and Secale cereale (T7DS·7DL-7XL & 1BL·1RS). The disease resistance test and marker analysis showed that YW243 carried seven resistance genes to the three diseases, including Bdv2 to BYDV on 7DL-7XL, Pm4 to powdery mildew on 2AL, Yr2, Yr9, Sr 31 and Lr26 and a new Yr to stripe rust on 7B, 1BL, 1RS and 2BL. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers Xpsr687 and Xwg380 , sequence tagged site (STS) marker STS 1700 , simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xgwmc364 and Xgwm582 , SSR markers Xgwm388 and Xgwm501 can be used as diagnostic tools to track Bdv2, Pm4, Yr2, Yr9 and Yr in YW243 , respectively; and two amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers M54E63 - 700 and M54E64 - 699 can also be used to select Yr in YW243 .
Abstract
The title compound 3,3-dinitroazetidinium (DNAZ) 3,5-dinitrosalicylate (3,5-DNSA) was prepared and the crystal structure has been determined by a four-circle X-ray diffractometer. The thermal behavior of the title compound was studied under a non-isothermal condition by DSC and TG/DTG techniques. The kinetic parameters were obtained from analysis of the TG curves by Kissinger method, Ozawa method, the differential method and the integral method. The kinetic model function in differential form and the value of E a and A of the decomposition reaction of the title compound are f(α)=4α3/4, 130.83 kJ mol−1 and 1013.80s−1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the title compound is 147.55 °C. The values of ΔS ≠, ΔH ≠ and ΔG ≠ of this reaction are −1.35 J mol−1 K−1, 122.42 and 122.97 kJ mol−1, respectively. The specific heat capacity of the title compound was determined with a continuous C p mode of mircocalorimeter. Using the relationship between C p and T and the thermal decomposition parameters, the time of the thermal decomposition from initiation to thermal explosion (adiabatic time-to-explosion) was obtained.
Abstract
The effects of some kinds of metal ions used as chemical modifications on the thermal properties of the modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were studied by DTA, TG, GC and cone calorimetry. The apparent activation energies for the decomposition of the unmodified and modified PAN fibers were determined using Kissinger equation and Broido equation.
Abstract
The batch method and the column method were simultaneously employed to study the sorption and desorption of Eu(III) on red earth as a function of pH (4.6–6), the presence of a well-characterized fulvic acid (FA) and the iron oxides content of red earth. The results from both methods were consistent qualitatively. The Eu(III) sorption showed significant dependences on pH and FA, the sorption was increased with increasing pH and by addition of FA to the solutions, while the iron oxides content of the red earth had a negative contribution to the sorption of Eu(III). Additionally, the sorption-desorption hysteresis of Eu(III) on red earth occurred at a pH range of 4.6–6. Therefore, the humic substance and high pH have a great tendency to immobilize Eu(III) on red earth.
The characterization of the old Hungarian varieties and landraces is an important part of Hungarian cereal research and breeding. Analysis of these germplasms with the most up-to-date methodologies results a broad scale of diversity of glutenin alleles, which proves their genetic heterogenicity. Exploitation of this attribute is an untapped possibility for developing modern varieties in our breeding programs. The previous research work revealed this diversity by SDS-PAGE analysis and MALDI-TOF technology. The powerful tool, the high throughput lab-on-a chip technique can facilitate the effectiveness of this function and decreases the cost of the analysis. This study demonstrates the application of this technique for analysing the old varieties. The allelic composition and their effects on bread making quality concluded by means of functional analysis.
Glutenin subunit alleles at the Glu-D3 locus and their effects on dough properties, pan bread, and dry white Chinese noodle (DWCN) qualities were investigated using 106 winter and facultative wheat cultivars and advanced lines. Allele Glu-D3c (42.5%) was the most frequent glutenin subunit, followed by Glu-D3b (25.5%) and Glu-D3a (23.6%). Glu-D3d and Glu-D3f occurred in only three and six cultivars, respectively. The effect of Glu-D3 was significant forDWCNquality, accounting for up to 16% of the variation, but there were no significant differences between individual Glu-D3 alleles on dough properties and qualities of DWCNand pan bread. Interaction effects Glu-A1 × Glu-D3 and Glu-B1 × Glu-D3 were significant for DWCN quality and loaf volume. More work is needed to understand the effects of Glu-D3 variation on the determination of dough properties and end-use quality.
Uniformity in the height of main stem and tillers is a key factor affecting ideal plant type, a key component in super high-yielding rice breeding. An understanding of the genetic basis of the panicle layer uniformity may thus contribute to breeding varieties with good plant type and high yield. In the present study, a doubled haploid (DH) population, derived from a cross between indica rice variety Zhai-Ye-Qing 8 (ZYQ8) and japonica rice variety Jing-Xi 17 (JX17) was used to analyze quantitative trait loci (QTL) for panicle layer uniformity related traits. Six, four and three QTL were detected for the highest panicle height (HPH), lowest panicle height (LPH) and panicle layer dis-uniformity (PLD), respectively. qHPH-1-1 and qPLD-1 were located at the same interval on chromosome 1. The JX17 allele(s) of these QTL increased HPH and PLD by 2.57 and 1.26 cm, respectively. Similarly, qPLD-7 and qHPH-7 were located at the same interval on chromosome 7, where the ZYQ8 allele(s) increased HPH and PLD by 3.74 and 1.96 cm, respectively. These four QTL were unfavourable for panicle layer uniformity improvement because a decrease of the PLD was accompanied by decrease of the plant height. qPLD-6 and qLPH-6-1 were located at the same interval on chromosome 6, however here the JX17 allele(s) increased LPH, but decreased PLD, suggesting that this QTL was favourable for improvement of panicle layer uniformity. The markers identified in this study are potential for marker assisted breeding for the improvement of the panicle layer uniformity and ideal plant type.
