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- Author or Editor: Zoltan Roman x
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Among the ideas and images both preterhuman and preterhuman which fascinated Romantic writers, visual artists, and musicians, arguably none was more ubiquitous than „The Night.” The strikingly pervasive nature of the idea was due, to a considerable extent, to its insubstantiality.
Abstract
Faué's mélodies have received too little attention. Here four early songs are subjected to musico-poetic and stylistic-technical analysis. To understand fully the young musician's achievement, the songs are viewed in their socio-cultural milieu. His earliest works date from the end of the Second Empire and the Franco-Prussian War; his first maturity coincided with the beginnings of la Belle Époque. Of modest origins, Fauré succeeded in earning the patronage of leading social and artistic figures of the time, including the venerable Franz Liszt, and the celebrated singer, composer and mistress of her own salon, Pauline Viardot. One mélodie each by these established composers is analyzed in comparison with the two musico-poetically similar pieces by the young Frenchman. These juxtapositions show clearly that Fauré followed his own path from the outset, in a direction that was altogether forward-oriented, even where it was built of stones borrowed from the past.
The abundance and diversity of indigenous Trichoderma fungi were tested for correlations with the natural colonization of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Cd-, Zn- and Ni-polluted soils. Infection frequency (F%) and arbusculum richness (a%) of the mycorrhiza fungi were estimated on red clover grown in a pot experiment set up with calcareous loamy chernozem soil contaminated with Cd, Ni and Zn salts (in 0, 30, 90 and 270 mg kg -1 dry soil concentration) in the field, eight years prior to the pot experiment. Correlation analyses were used to assess the effect of different heavy metal loads on the interrelations of these two types of beneficial fungi. When the test was performed for single variables, significant correlations could be found with very close (r > 0.96 at p < 0.05) results. The rate and direction (positive or negative) of correlations, however, varied with the type of heavy metals. With the combinations of some Trichoderma and mycorrhiza parameters a significant model was obtained for the infection frequency (R² = 0.9405 at p = 0.0062) and for arbusculum richness (R² = 0.997 at p = 0.0007), which suggests a significant complex influence between the symbiotic (AMF) and the free-living ( Trichoderma ) beneficial fungi. This interaction was altered by heavy metals. In the Ni treatments, the correlation data were always negative between the two groups of beneficial fungi.
