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Biomphalaria glabrata snails were infected with Schistosoma mansoni and maintained at different dilutions of artificial ocean water for up to 4 weeks. Glucose and maltose concentration of the digestive gland-gonad complex were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography at different stages of the infection. B. glabrata snails were divided into three experimental groups: Group A, snails with early prepatent infection (10 days post-infection); Group B, snails with late prepatent infection (22 days post-infection); and Group C, snails with patent infection (45 days post-infection). Infected snails in A were maintained at different salinities for 2 weeks and then necropsied, and their two main simple sugars, i.e., glucose and maltose, were analyzed. Groups B and C contained two subgroups: the first subgoups were analyzed after 2 weeks, and the second after 4 weeks. Controls for these experiments were maintained identically in either deionized water or artificial spring water. Maltose and glucose were extracted from the digestive gland-gonad complex in ethanol-water (70:30). 1-Butanol-glacial acetic acid-diethyl ether-deionized water (27:18:5:3) mobile phase was used to separate sugars on EMD Millipore silica gel preadsorbent plates. Sugars were detected using α-naphthol-sulfuric acid reagent and quantified with a CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 at 515 nm. The obtained data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) single factor statistical analysis. Statistical differences were not found in any sugars in Group A snails. For glucose, a significant difference was found after 4 weeks in both B and C snails. For maltose, a significant difference was found after 4 weeks in B snails and after 2 weeks in C snails. Different salinity levels affect the maltose and glucose concentrations of adult B. glabrata snails infected with S. mansoni.
In this research, starch and maltose content were determined by using the HPLC method for different dent maize hybrids, grown in Tekirdağ ecological conditions. Experimental materials were obtained from Tekirdağ Faculty of Agricultural Field Crops Department. The starch and maltose content of the thirty-five selected maize varieties were studied. Starch contents of OSSK 644 (84.73%), Karaçay (84.39%) and AG 9242 (84.09%) were found to be higher than the other varieties. The lowest starch content (45.02%) was obtained from variety DK-647. The maltose content of maize hybrids was varied from 0.83% (Pegaso) to 2.71% (AG 9229). Negative and insignificantly correlation was obtained between starch and maltose content (r 2 −0.150).
Abstract
The physical aging characteristics of maltose glasses aged at two temperatures below the glass transition temperature, Tg, (Tg-10C and Tg-20C) from 5 to 10 000 min were measured by standard differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The experimentally measured instrumental Tg, the calculated Tg, and the excess enthalpy values were obtained for aged glasses using both DSC methods. The development of excess enthalpy as a function of aging time, as measured by both SDSC and MDSC, was fit using the Cowie and Ferguson and Tool-Narayanswamy-Moynihan models. The change in the Tg values and the development of the excess enthalpy resulting from physical aging measured by the two DSC methods are discussed.
A mobile phase system comprising of ethyl acetate and propionic acid in 1:1 (v/v) ratio was identified as the most suitable green mobile phase for selective separation of maltose from fructose, dextrose, galactose, or mannose on precoated silica gel 60 HPTLC plates. The effect of presence of inorganic cations as impurities in the sample was examined for the separation of sugars. The chromatographic parameters like ΔR
F, separation factor (α), and resolution (Rs) of separated components of the mixture of maltose-fructose, maltose-dextrose, maltose-galactose, and maltose-mannose were calculated. The limits of detection for fructose, dextrose, and mannose were 7.5 ± 0.41 μg spot−1 and for maltose and galactose were 1.5 ± 0.09 μg spot-1. The proposed method is rapid, sensitive, and free from the use of toxic organic solvents and is therefore environmentally safe. Maltose has been selectively identified in the presence of fructose, dextrose, galactose, and mannose using scanning densitometry.
545 550 Duplay, P., Bedouelle, H., Fowler, A., Zabin, I., Saurin, W., Hofnung, M. 1984. Sequences of the malE gene and of its product. The Maltose-Binding Protein of
Glycosyltransferase activity of Pectinex ultra SP-L (from Aspergillus aculeatus) commercially available enzyme preparation was studied in mono- and bisubstrate systems using different donors (maltose, lactose, and sucrose) and acceptors (fructose, galactose, glucose, maltose, mannose, xylose, lactose, and sucrose). Oligosaccharides consisting of three monomers were detected in the cases of maltose, sucrose, and lactose as monosubstrates, thus this preparation should contain glucosyl-, fructosyl-, and galactosyl-transferase activity. Generally, yields of oligosaccharides synthesized were higher in bisubstrate systems maltose:sucrose, maltose:lactose, and sucrose:lactose than on monosubstrates. Use of maltose:sucrose bisubstrate resulted new oligosaccharide(s) (fructosyl-maltose or glucosyl-sucrose). The optimal ratio of substrates in the case of maltose:sucrose was determined to be 1:9. Increase of the dry content of the reaction mixture induced the transfer reaction. The highest oligosaccharide content was obtained at 60% (w/v) substrate concentration. In the case of the optimal ratio and dry content, 4.02% (w/v) oligosaccharide (DP3) concentration was achieved. These oligosaccharides may alter prebiotic and biochemical properties in food applications.
Abstract
Cryosublimation is one technique, which allows the accumulation of tritium from aqueous solutions using certain chemical compounds. After studying several inorganic compounds such as zeolites and metal salts,1 as well as some humic substances,2 we have now investigated several mono-and polysaccharides, such as glucose, maltose, galactose, starch, agar, and gelatine. Except for starch all of the above mentioned compounds showed a clear enrichment of tritium. The highest value was reached for Agartine, which gave an enrichment factor of 6.2. Since mono-and polysaccharides form weak hydrogen bonds, these results prove again our theory that tritium is preferably accumulated in exchangeable hydrogen bonds.
This study is a first attempt to present a report about a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)–densitometric method that has been developed and validated for the quantification of sugars, i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, and raffinose from the methanol extracts of roots of 7 Asparagus species ‒ A. adscendens, A. racemosus, A. retrofractus, A. officinalis, A. densiflorus, A. falcatus, and A. sprengeri. The separation and quantification of sugars were achieved using the mobile phase propanol‒ethyl acetate‒ water (6:3:1, v/v). Derivatization of the bands was done by using diphenylamine, aniline, and ortho-phosphoric acid reagents, and densitometric scanning was done at 600 nm in absorbance–reflectance mode. This method gave the best resolution of bands at R F = 0.55, 0.50, 0.31, 0.11, and 0.46, corresponding to fructose, glucose, maltose, raffinose, and sucrose, respectively. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 100–500 ng per spot. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged between 12.77–75.48 ng and 38.69–228.73 ng, respectively. The intraand inter-day precisions were found between 0.33–1.46 in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD). The average recoveries ranged between 97.84 –99.91%. The validated method was successfully used to detect and quantify sugars in the methanol root extracts of the 7 Asparagus species.
The aim of the work was to evaluate the authenticity of honey present in Lithuanian market using GC-FID analysis of trimethylsilylated carbohydrates. In total, 15 natural honey samples and one artificial honey sample were analysed. In general, the composition of carbohydrates in the tested samples of natural honey was quite similar, except for trisaccharides, which were not found in any of the analysed samples. Although the amount of identified compounds was different, the percentages of the quantified sugars in natural honey were within the limits established by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Artificial honey contained 9.01% of sucrose and 34.60% of maltose, while the content of maltose in natural honey varied in the range of 0.29–1.41%. The content of fructose and glucose in artificial honey was 2.41% and 22.89%, respectively; while the sum of the main monosaccharides in natural honey was averagely 38.80%. The results obtained indicate that tested natural honey samples from Lithuanian market were genuine products.
