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Nanoparticle Concentration Eff. results max/increase % Comments [ 17 ] Water Al 2 O 3 0.2, 0.25, 0.3%wt 13% Al 2 O 3 , 11% Fe 2 O 3 Variable flow rate [ 18 ] Water Al 2 O 3 3, 1%vol 52.4, 73 Variable incident angles [ 19 ] Water TiO 2 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5%vol 56
nonionic 25 days [ 55 ] ZnO EG 3hours + stirring non 6 h [ 56 ] TiO 2 water 60 min Acetic acid 35 days [ 57 ] CuO DI water 270 min SDS 45 days [ 58 ] CNT water 20 min SDBS 30 days [ 59 ] Ag-MWCNT water 40 min non 40 h [ 60 ] Cu water 15 min CTAB 7 days [ 61
application widely in concrete due to high specific surface area, which also improves the strength and durability of the concrete [ 44 ]. Apart from nano silica, many other materials, for instance, nano TiO 2 , nano Fe 2 O 3 , nano Al 2 O 3 , etc. are used as
In the present study, fully developed laminar flow with forced convection heat transfer of Al2O3/water and TiO2/water nanofluids inside a vertical tube subjected by constant heat flux from the wall was numerically analyzed using Ansys Fluent release 17.2. In this work, the single-phase model was proposed to simulate the water and nanofluids heat transfer characteristics; spherical nanoparticles with a constant diameter equal to 30 nm are used. The study has been carried out on a Reynolds number with ranges (400-2000) and nanoparticles volume concentration up to 1.5%. the results show that the average Nusselt number for nanofluid is higher than that the base fluid (water) especially for TiO2/water nanofluid, the Nusselt number increased with increasing Reynolds number and volume concentration in all cases. The enhancement ratio for nanofluids compared to water at different volume friction was studied; the higher improvement is about 3.51% for TiO2/water nanofluid with 1.5% volume fraction. Moreover, a study for pressure drop along vertical tube was discussed.
and emissions of diesel engines. Antioxidant additives in biodiesel effectively reduce the free radicals formation and improve the oxidation stability of the fuel. The TiO 2 nano-additive is eco-friendly, low cost, and non-toxic compared to other nano
that the pool boiling performance decreased while adding those nanoparticles. Trisaksri and Wongwises [ 14 ] carried out an experimental study to investigate the pool boiling heat transfer performance of titanium oxide nanoparticles TiO 2 based R141b
experimental works examined various nanoparticles namely (Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , MWCNT, CuO, SiO 2 , Nano silica, Ag) in various places of the world and under various conditions. In addition, these researchers examined the mentioned nanoparticles with
(%) Pozzolan class N ASTM C618 [ 12 ] CaO 10.43 – SiO₂ 73.7 – Al₂O₃ 0.72 – MgO 1.27 – Fe 2 O₃ 0.38 – SO₃ – 4 Na 2 O 12.71 – K 2 O 0.70 – TiO 2 0.086 – L.O.I – 10 SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + Fe 2 O 3 , min. percent 74.8 Min. 70 2.3 Steel slag powder Particles finer
pure water are used as cooling mediums. In the study [ 36 ], laminar forced convection heat transfer of Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles-based water nanofluids inside a vertical tube was numerically studied. The results of this work indicate that the
solar application [ 11 ]. Ekiciler et al. [ 12 ] in their research, developed and compared the effect of inserting three hybrid nanofluid types (Ag–ZnO, Ag–MgO, and Ag–TiO 2 ) based Syltherm 800 numerically using CFD software. The major results present
