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–8 ] or mass spectrometry [ 9 , 10 ], or a combination of HPLC with mass spectrometry [ 5 , 11–13 ] or with electrochemical methods [ 14–16 ]. However, number of articles dealing with the determination of ampicillin is limited. Ampicillin is one of
Czeizel A. E., Rockenbauer M., Sørensen, H. T. és mtsa: A population-based case-control teratologic study of ampicillin treatment during pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2001, 185 , 140–147. Sørensen H. T
carbapenems. The penicillin derivatives include, among others, amoxicillin (AMOX), ampicillin (AMP) and cloxacillin (CLOX). They are extensively prescribed for the treatment of potentially life-threatening infections including peritonitis, respiratory tract
Summary
A simple and fast high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin. Titanium(IV) silicate (a synthetic inorganic ion-exchanger)-coated thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were used to separate them, employing a mixture of K2HPO4 (0.1 M) + KH2PO4 (0.1 M), 1:1 (υ/υ), as mobile phase. The development time was 18 min. The plates were sprayed with fresh 1% solution of ninhydrin in ethanol. The developed method enables highly contrasted chromatograms with red purple spots in white background. Densitometric measurements were made at wavelength 546 nm using Camag TLC Scanner-3. The ampicillin and amoxicillin recovery of the total procedure were equal to 99.99 and 100.43, respectively. The procedure is quantitatively characterized. Linearities were r 2 > 0.9958 and 0.9954 for ampicillin and amoxicillin, respectively, and the relative standard deviations were <0.89 and 0.61, respectively. The limits of detection were 2.9 and 1.5 ng per spot and the limits of quantification were 14.5 and 7.5 ng per spot, respectively. The method is rapid, selective, precise, and accurate and thus can be used for the routine analysis of pharmaceutical preparations in quality control laboratories of the pharmaceutical industry. The method is successfully applied for the determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin in human blood plasma and urine.
-intestinal including systemic compartments of infected microbiota-depleted IL-10 -/- mice [ 8 , 16 ]. So far, we successfully achieved gut microbiota depletion by orally treating mice with a quintuple antibiotic cocktail (ABx) consisting of ampicillin
Abstract
Ampicillin-cobalt complex has been investigated spectrophotometrically. The effects of pH and molar ratio of ampicillin to cobalt were studied. The stability constants for the complex formed at different pH values were determined. Gamma-radiolysis of ampicillincobalt complex in aqueous solutions was studied at doses from 20 to 100 Gy, using a137Cs source. The variations in UV and IR spectra due to their radiolysis were shown. The results showed an increase in absorbance values with increasing dose and this dependence is linear in the dose range studied. The mechanism of radiation effect on the complex is discussed.
Abstract
The complexation of β-lactam antibiotics, amoxicillin (AMPC), ampicillin (ABPC) and benzylpenicillin (PCG), with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) was studied at various pH values using microcalorimetry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamic simulation. In the strong acid solution, two different types of inclusion complex with a 1:1 stoichiometry, Complex I with a phenyl ring of β-lactam antibiotics penetrated into the cavity of HPCD and Complex II with a penam included in the cavity, were formed by hydrophobic interaction, and Complex II was more stable than Complex I. In aqueous solution at pH≥4.5, only Complex I was formed, where the penam of PCG was more deeply penetrated into the cavity to keep it stable than those of AMPC and ABPC. The charged carboxyl-group on the penam was less affinity to form Complex II.
A közösségben szerzett, Listeria monocytogenes okozta meningitisről egy esetünk kapcsán
A case of community-acquired Listeria monocytogenes meningitis
A Listeria monocytogenes által okozott meningitis immunkompetens egyénekben ritkán előforduló betegség, bizonyos rizikófaktorok mellett azonban a központi idegrendszer fertőzésére utaló klinikai kép esetén semmiképpen sem szabad figyelmen kívül hagyni. Közleményünkben egy 72 éves, májcirrhosisban és hypertoniában szenvedő férfi beteg L. monocytogenes által okozott agyhártyagyulladásának kórtörténetét mutatjuk be, akit gyengeség, szédülés, magas láz és vizeletincontinentia miatt vettünk fel osztályunkra. A laboratóriumi vizsgálatok emelkedett gyulladásos és májenzimértékeket, alacsony fehérvérsejt- és thrombocytaszámot igazoltak. A képalkotó vizsgálatok kórosat nem igazoltak. A szeptikus állapot miatt a mikrobiológiai mintavételt követően empirikus ceftriaxon- és metronidazolkezelés indult. Terápiás erőfeszítéseink ellenére a beteg állapotában érdemi javulás nem következett be, továbbra is magas láza volt, pszichomotoros nyugtalansága fokozódott, tremora és koordinációs zavara jelentkezett, ezért felmerült a központi idegrendszeri bakteriális fertőzés lehetősége. A liquor vizsgálata megerősítette a purulens meningitis diagnózisát. Az időközben megérkező hemokultúra-lelet L. monocytogenes fertőzést igazolt, a liquor tenyésztése kórokozót már nem jelzett. A továbbiakban célzott ampicillinterápiát folytattunk, melynek eredményeként a beteg állapota gyors javulást mutatott, tartósan láztalanná vált, neurológiai tünetei megszűntek. Az esetet a diagnosztika buktatói, a felmerülő differenciáldiagnosztikai nehézségek és a célzott antibiotikumkezelés eredményességéből adódó kedvező kimenetele miatt tartottuk bemutatásra érdemesnek. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(36): 1437–1441.
Abstract
The formation of inclusion complexes between amoxicillin (AMPC) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) was investigated by isothermal microcalorimetry and molecular dynamics simulation to evaluate the inhibitory effects on the degradation of AMPC in aqueous solutions at various pH. The process depended significantly on the ionic species of AMPC in the solution. In a strong acid solution, cationic AMPC and HPCD formed two different types of inclusion complexes with a 1:1 stoichiometry: the first-type had a high association constant K 1 of 4.0-8.0103 M-1 and included the penam ring of AMPC in the HPCD cavity (Mode I), while the second-type with a K 2 of 1.0103 M-1 contained the phenyl group of AMPC (Mode II). Furthermore, a complex with a 1:2 (AMPC:HPCD) stoichiometry was realized in a two-step reaction and was characterized by a smaller K 1:2of 4.0102 M-1 and larger negative enthalpy and entropy changes than the complexes with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Since the β-lactam ring of AMPC could be protected by inclusion with HPCD in the 1:2 complex and Mode I of 1:1 complexes, the degradation of AMPC in the presence of HPCD was approximately four times slower than in its absence at pH 1.2 and 37C. In weak acid and neutral solutions, zwitterionic AMPC and HPCD formed only one type of inclusion complex with a 1:1 stoichiometry, where the phenyl group was included (Mode II). AMPC was very stable in these solutions (t 1/2=226 h at pH=6.0) and there is little significant difference in the degradation rate between complexed AMPC and uncomplexed AMPC. Thus, the results indicated that the inclusion complex of AMPC with HPCD, effectively increasing the stability of AMPC in a strong acidic solution like that the stomach, would be useful for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection and as a drug delivery system.
