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In this paper, changes in the number of inhabitants in Estonia as well as the Russians in the villages on the western coast of Lake Chudskoe (Western Prichudye) in the period from the end of the 16th to the end of the 19th centuries have been traced. The data obtained from the inspections, lists of Lutheran parishes, the estimations, the analysis of toponymy of 16th century and dialect peculiarities of the Russians of Western Prichudye made it possible to conclude that the main body of Russian population of the coastal villages were the descendants of Russians that had lived in the Northern and Western Prichudye long before the split of the Orthodox Church in Russia took place. As it is read in the reports to the Governor General in the 19th century, the Old Belief without the priest spread over Prichudye due to vigorous activity of Feodosii Vasiliev adepts among local Russians, and not as a result of the resettlement of a considerable number of Old Believers from Russia as it was supposed earlier. The assumption is made that the origin of the word vene used by western Finns to call the Russians is a derivative from the word словене .
Summary
Kolozsvár, Klausenburg or Cluj-Napoca? Toponymic terminology and the issue of non-uniform use of geographical names: a focus on the European historical and cultural tradition. This paper aims to explore the issue of non-uniform use of geographical names, with a focus on the European historical and cultural tradition. The analysis refers to toponyms drawn from the history of four European countries: Germany, Romania, Poland and Italy. It reveals the importance of contrasting the different toponyms used for the same place. A place-name form is not merely a variant, but has a definite pragmatic content, which can best be analysed in light of the interdisciplinary approach offered by Toponymy. Toponymy allows us to unveil Europe's partially unexplored historical and Christian roots. The analysis contributes to advancing the study of toponyms from a broader vantage point. It highlights the significance of the didactic experience in introducing young generations to the European heritage of toponyms. Further studies may explore this cultural treasure across different European languages.
For a study of the mythological and religious role of historical persons of the Mongolian ethnic groups a large amount of different sources can be utilised. In addition to the data in contemporary and earlier historical sources, primarily in the chronicles, a considerable quantity of folklore material of different genres contains information on this topic. Historical persons appear in different mythological and ritual roles in the folk religion and the folk belief system. In the toponymic myths and legends (Khal. domog) usually the most venerated historical heroes of a region are connected to a certain place name, and in the aetiological myths they act as the creators of certain customs. The present article surveys only the mythological and religious role of the Mongolian great khans. It offers a typology of the main motives connected to the above-mentioned aspects of the worship of a historical person.
The Russian literature — in contrast with the majority of Hungarian researchers — regards it as a fact that there are place-names of Hungarian origin in Bashkiria. An overview of the literature and sources provides confirmation of this opinion. Magas, Mart, Ar, Bisz (Visz), Izes are almost certainly place-names of Hungarian origin in Bashkiria; and the same could perhaps apply to other place-names. The argument presented here not only takes into account etymological considerations but also places special emphasis on finding toponymic parallels in early Hungarian place-names and on confirmation in other sources and disciplines of the presence of Hungarians in the given geographical region. The presence of place-names of Hungarian origin in Bashkiria — together with other considerations — indicates that one of the ancient Hungarian homelands was in the territory of today’s Bashkiria (probably up to the 9th century). As regards the “Bashkir—Hungarian problem”, it can be said that Hungarians did not participate in a mass scale in the ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs who appeared in the Volga-Ural region in the 9th century, but we have sound reason to suppose that small groups of Hungarians remained behind after the 9th century and were eventually assimilated as Bashkirs.
Abstract
The paper discusses the influence of the Habsburg topographic surveys and cartography on the toponymic landscape of the former crown land of Galicia. Publicly available maps have had a great impact on the geographical names used both by locals and non-locals. The Habsburg toponymic policy was characterized by non-Germanisation of already existing Galician toponyms. The Habsburg toponymic heritage is therefore of double nature: 1) forms of toponyms popularized by Austro-Hungarian maps (especially by Spezialkarte) influenced a wide toponymic usus as well as the toponymy of the later maps (especially interwar-Polish military maps) – these popularized forms may have differed from the names used by the local communities, which could have been caused by a surveyor’s mistake; 2) the topographic and cartographic materials produced by the Austro-Hungarian institutions are a valuable source for toponomastic research. In the paper, the Austro-Hungarian and interwar-Polish topographic manuals are analysed. These documents defined the way a surveyor had to collect and process geographical names. The examples and possible causes of some Polonized forms occurring in Spezialkarte are discussed. Next, the influence of the Austrian maps on the toponymy of Polish maps is explained. Finally, hilarious examples of cartographic name-copying are given.
Constituing of the Carpathian Linguistics (= CL) dates back to the second half of the 20th century. Being a new trend in the areal and typological linguistics, the CL allows to describe and interpret the results of the long-existing contacts and interference of the languages (dialects) within a genetically heterogeneous Space of the Carpathian zone and the neighbouring regions, primarily the Balkans. Due to this fact, the CL always considers the scientific data obtained in the Balkan zone when analysing the dialectological manifestations.The CL emerged inside the Slavic science, and scholars' attention was always drawn to studying the dialectal elements borrowed from the Rumanian, Hungarian, other languages. Prof. S. Bernstein was the first one who identified the goals of the CL in 1960s-1970s. These goals included: 1) dialectological research of the Carpathian zone as a whole; 2) the Carpathian toponymy research; 3) attention to the theoretical aspects and issues of the CL; etc. Nowadays, the first of the above-mentioned goals has been achieved, and as a result the international team of scolars has created “The Atlas of the Carpathian Dialects” (= ACD) that might be described as a polylingual, heterofamilial, regional Atlas. The ACD materials allows to conduct various research, such as: identifying how the individual dialects of the area contribute to forming its unified base of lexical, semantical units; or - studying specific features of the development of the Carpathian dialects in the zone - and similar issues.
Abstract
Artus de Bretagne is a French Arthurian prose romance: its hero, Arthur, son of the Duke of Brittany, is a descendant of Lancelot and the text reuses many Arthurian motifs. This romance was probably composed around 1300. The oldest preserved version is found in the manuscript Paris BnF 761. Having edited Artus de Bretagne and studied all the manuscripts, I hypothesised that this version consisted of an initial, unfinished version followed by a continuation. In this article, the stylistic method, adapted to the medieval text, makes it possible to confirm this hypothesis. Portraits are very different in the two parts. As this Arthurian romance adopts an original oriental setting, with a Greek toponymy, and as the supposed patron is Duke John II of Brittany, who is known to have travelled to the Byzantine area following the crusade led by his brother-in-law Edward I, King of England, the study of the portraits invites us to put forward (with caution) the hypothesis of an influence of the Byzantine romances, as a fairy, a princess and an automaton have the same appearance.
[Toponymy of Villages and Towns in Gansu Province] . Gansu : Lanzhou daxue chubanshe . Yan Shiyun 嚴世芸 et al . 2004 . Zhongyi yijia xueshuo ji xueshu sixiang shi 中醫醫家學說及學術思想 史 [An Intellectual History on the Theories and Scholarships of Chinese
* The paper is the written version of the talk held at the conference titled Trends in Toponymy 6 (Heidelberg, 7−10 October, 2013). The publication of the paper was
landscape feature of the area is the presence of a partially silted lake, named, according to the local toponymy, Tăul fără fund (“Feneketlen tó” in Hungarian, meaning “bottomless lake”). The western part of the basin is ruled by an open
