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There can be no doubt that the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and the subse- quent war of independence belong to the events that significantly contributed to the development of modern Hungarian historical consciousness. Decisive alter- natives emerged during this critical period: national sovereignty versus develop- ment under foreign power, or the cultivation of friendly compromises reached through negotiations versus violent confrontations. The patterns of thinking asso- ciated with these choices also imposed their influence on the interpretations of other recent historic turning points such as the events of 1956.
of the time series of doctoral theses submitted in Spanish universities over the 1848–2009 period. Table 1 , containing numerical data, is included in the next section. – Division and description of the time series into partial subseries according to
Márta: Egy fejezet 1848-i sajtónk történetéből: Julian Chownitz „Die Opposition”-ja [Ein Kapitel aus der Geschichte unserer Presse in 1848. „Die Opposition“ von Julian Chownitz] . In: OSZK Évkönyv 1978 . Budapest , 1980 . 471 – 491
Le présent article propose de comparer Sándor Petőfi, figure de la révolution hongroise de 1848, avec quelques autres poètes romantiques d’Europe centrale et orientale au XIXe siècle comme le roumain Mihail Eminescu, le polonais Mickiewicz ou encore Pouchkine. Le parallèle, de type analytique, aborde tour à tour les origines familiales (parfois étrangères), le cursus d’enseignement suivi (souvent interrompu), un épisode militaire au caractère généralement ambivalent, et enfin la complexité de l’engagement national.
György (Đuro) Arnold (1781-1848) the composer, teacher, conductor, lexicographer and founder of the first music school in Subotica, was the regens chori of the Subotica's Sv. Terezija church (1800-48). He was a prolific composer, writing in a variety of genres, from compositions for the church of Sv. Terezija, choral and chamber works to operas, melodramas, songs, overtures, and verbunkos (the complete list of his works is included in the appendix). Arnold's style was influenced by Viennese Classical church music and the emerging Hungarian national style. In his early sacred pieces, he used quotations from popular operas, but in later compositions he was closer to Haydn, and the Te Deum Solenne dedicated to the Zagreb Bishop Aleksandar Alagović shows possible influence of early Beethoven. In many aspects, Arnold was a composer on the periphery. He liked large ensembles which could impress audiences with the brightness of the orchestral sound altough, as far as we know, he never attempted to build a large symphonic form which would match the richness of such a sound. He ususally set the text in short sentences, quickly exhausting its possibilities, undermining the expectations raised by the large-scale gradations which open his compositions. In 1819, Arnold published Pismenik, a collections of texts (without tunes) of Croatian Roman Catholic hymns collected in Bačka (western Vojvodina); the preface to Pismenik and its complete table of contents are reprinted in an appendix. In 1839-40, he completed the hymnal Valóságos egyházi kántori fontos énekeskönyv with 186 church compositions intended for Hungarian and Transylvanian chuch musicians, which remained unpublished. In 1826, Arnold began working on the Historisch-musikalisch bibliographisches Tonkünstler Lexikon, which expanded to four manuscript volumes in length, but remained unpublished and seems to be lost today.
Main Types of Hungarian Peasant Forest Ownership Following the Liberation of the Serfs in 1848 - The study shows the main types of forest communities and the characteristics of the use of individually-owned forests from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. The peasant forest communities formed after the liberation of the serfs and in places surviving right up to the 1960s had before them the example of the feudal-type commonage of the nobility. In the commonages of the former serfs the members drew lots to determine their share of the timber from the jointly owned and used forest on the basis of forest laws. When the large estates were divided up in 1945 the poor also jointly managed the forests allotted to them. The forest holdings that arose following the joint purchase of forests, a common practice from the early 20th century, operated on the basis of the same principles as the commonages.
. Bécs, Egyetemi Levéltár. Uo. 470. p. Catalogus medicinae doctorum. Bécs, Egyetemi Levéltár. Wiener Zeitung, 1848. aug. 15.
vízgyógyintézetek Magyarországon 1848–1849-ig. Orv. Hetil., 1999, 140 , 1117–1119. Kiss L. A „graefenbergi modor szerint” felállított vízgyógyintézetek Magyarországon 1848–1849-ig
Zsigmond Kemény, the Transylvanian-born author, in his 1850 pamphlet, After the Revolution, questioned the Romantic concept of national character, and characterized tradition as ambivalent: both a sine qua non of culture and a system of dated conventions. Kemény drew on Bentham's utilitarianism, considering the right to property to be the basis of society. Liberalism and nationalism were in conflict during the Revolution, and the fate of the Revolution showed that extremes may lead to failure.
This article outlines the carriers of four scholars coming from what is known as “historical Hungary”. The first out of the four is I. Zékány who was born in 1670 in Carpathian Ruthenia and studied in Prague and Vienna. In the first decades of the 1700s, Zékány became the tutor of the young princes of the Naryshkin family (the relatives of Peter I). Later on, Peter entrusted Zékány to teach the Tsar's grandson, future Emperor Peter II (1727-1730). The second person is T. I. Jankovic (1741-1814), considered to be “the father of Russian public schools”. Jankovic studied in Sremski Karlovci, Bratislava (Preßburg/Pozsony) and Vienna and made his good professional reputation when he worked as the director of Serbian schools in Vojvodina and the chief of the school district of Timisoara (Temesvár). In 1782, upon the invitation of ?atherine II he arrived in Russia and subsequently played the major role in the reform of elementary education in that country. Jankovic also was the author of numerous handbooks and methodological instructions. In detail, the article discusses activity of M. Balugyánszky (1769-1847). This scholar is well known as the teacher of law of Tsar Nicolas I, as the first rector of the St. Petersburg University and as an editor of the famous collection of Russian laws (Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov). Finally, the article indicates the main stages of the carrier of Peter Lódy (1764-1829). In Russia, he was a professor of logic and a pioneer of woman education and published several influential works. The names of the four scholars and pedagogues mentioned above are almost completely absent from the Hungarian general studies on the history of culture and education. It would be desirable for these names to be given a proper place in the cultural history of both countries.
