Abstract
Let S be an orthogonal polygon in the plane. Assume that S is starshaped via staircase paths, and let K be any component of Ker S, the staircase kernel of S, where K ≠ S. For every x in S\K, define W K(x) = {s: s lies on some staircase path in S from x to a point of K}. There is a minimal (finite) collection W(K) of W K(x) sets whose union is S. Further, each set W K(x) may be associated with a finite family U K(x) of staircase convex subsets, each containing x and K, with ∪{U: U in U K(x)} = W K(x). If W(K) = {W K(x 1), ..., W K(x n)}, then K ⊆ V K ≡ ∩{U: U in some family U K(x i), 1 ≤ i ≤ n} ⊆ Ker S. It follows that each set V K is staircase convex and ∪{V k: K a component of Ker S} = Ker S. Finally, if S is simply connected, then Ker S has exactly one component K, each set W K(x i) is staircase convex, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, and ∩{W k(x i): 1 ≤ i ≤ n} = Ker S.
Abstract
A Krasnosel’skii-type theorem for compact sets that are starshaped via staircase paths may be extended to compact sets that are starshaped via orthogonally convex paths: Let S be a nonempty compact planar set having connected complement. If every two points of S are visible via orthogonally convex paths from a common point of S, then S is starshaped via orthogonally convex paths. Moreover, the associated kernel Ker S has the expected property that every two of its points are joined in Ker S by an orthogonally convex path. If S is an arbitrary nonempty planar set that is starshaped via orthogonally convex paths, then for each component C of Ker S, every two of points of C are joined in C by an orthogonally convex path.
Abstract
Fix k, d, 1 ≤ k ≤ d + 1. Let
Abstract
Let V be a finite set of points in the Euclidean d-space (d ≧ 2). The intersection of all unit balls B(υ, 1) centered at υ, where υ ranges over V, henceforth denoted by
