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Summary
The article is devoted to the investigation of an aspect of the newest developments in Belarusian art and literature. The “inter-life”, the “life on the side” as a special way of orientation of Belarusian people is under scrutiny in a number of cultural chronotopes. In this context it is the comprehension of a Belarusian idea of characters in both literary and real “universes” that makes them “strangers”, a minority in Belarusian cultural zone. The author makes an attempt at a panoramic review of poetry and prose, and she tries to discuss the modern literary works which are most significant to the understanding of paradoxes of a national culture. In this work a number of images or topoi extremely important for modern Belarusian literature are outlined, and some intrinsic features of the collective images of various literary generations are described.
The difficult language situation of Belarusian is even further complicated by the fact that two standards of Belarusian language co-exist. The so-called Taraškevica variant refers to standard traditions from a period preceding Stalinist terror; its adherents regard it as the “purer” variant of Belarusian. The official variant is based on norms that were introduced along with other measures of Stalinist terror in 1933 and aimed at making Belarusian more similar to Russian. This sketch analyzes what information on Taraškevica one can get if one uses the Internet only. It also demonstrates that searches in different languages yield different results.
The paper deals with the earthquakes that took place in the Kaliningrad region (Russia) on 21 September 2004 and were felt in the territories of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus and Finland. Data on space and time co-ordinates and dynamic parameters of these earthquake foci available from international centers and various seismological groups are analyzed. A degree of reliability of the results obtained is discussed. The epicentral zone of the Kaliningrad earthquakes is found within the western part of the old East European Platform (EEP). The seismotectonic map presenting the territories of Belarus and the Baltic States was considered, and the Kaliningrad-Lithuanian potential seismogenic area was analyzed. Methods used to outline possible earthquake zones when seismic zoning of the Belarusian-Baltic region was carried out were verified in practice and, actually, made possible a long-term forecast of earthquake origination in Kaliningrad.
The paper studies the presentation of Belarusian and Ukrainian biblical similes in dictionaries as well as their use by native speakers. Some of the examples are supplied with etymological commentaries.
A variety of names are traditionally used to refer to the literary language as cultivated by the Belarusians and Ukrainians in the late Middle Ages. It is maintained that the emergence of the term prostaja mova/prostyj jazyk ъ was brought about by the (German) Reformation in the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Based on a comparative analysis of the names of the prostaja mova attested in Ruthenian, Polish, and Lithuanian writings, the author surmises that the coinage and the use of the corresponding terms was primarily determined by the revival of the indigenous “linguistic democratism” dating back to the time of Constantine and Methodius.
chemical structure. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grants of Belarusian State University and Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno and the grant (no. M13-102) of the Belarusian Republican Foundation for
Summary On the basis of calorimetric research of selenium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and zirconium diselenite dissolution reactions in the hydrofluoric acid solution under 298 K a standard enthalpy of Zr(SeO3)2 formation reaction from ZrO2 and SeO2 and a standard enthalpy of zirconium diselenite formation have been obtained. The value of enthalpy has been equal to -58.1±3.43 kJ mol-1 in ZrO2(solid)+2SeO2(solid) ?Zr(SeO3)2(solid) reaction. The standard enthalpy of zirconium diselenite formation is equal to ?H f,298 0Zr(SeO3)2(solid)= -1603.2±3.8 kJ mol-1. The ?Hf,298 0 Zr(SeO3)2(solid) value has been determined for the first time.
Abstract
The physicochemical forms of radionuclides in soils determine the processes of their entry into the soil solutions, redistribution in the soil profile, soil–plant and soil–ground or surface waters transfer as well as spreading outside the contaminated area. The vertical distribution of plutonium and americium and their physicochemical forms in soils of Polessie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve (PSRER) were studied with the aim of establishing the potential for radionuclide migration. Samples of alluvial soddy-podzolic and peaty soils with a low (1–3%) and relatively high (~80% of dry sample mass) content of organic matter have been selected for investigation. A method employing sequential selective extraction has been used for analysis of radionuclide physicochemical forms in the soils. Activity concentrations of 238Pu, 239,240Pu and 241Am in the samples were determined via radiochemical analysis with alpha-spectrometric identification of radionuclides. The results indicate that the main proportion of plutonium and americium remains in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The inventories of mobile and biologically available forms of plutonium and americium, expressed as a percentage of the total radionuclide content in soil, lie in the ranges of 1.1–9.4 and 2.7–29% respectively. Greater proportions of mobile and biologically available forms of radionuclides appear to be associated with mineral soil as compared to organic soil. In both mineral and organic soils, the portion of mobile americium is higher than plutonium. The inventories of mobile forms of plutonium and americium increase with the depth of soils.
The mutation in KatG315 is found in the majority of isoniazid resistant strains worldwide, especially in areas with a high incidence of tuberculosis. A total of 138 isoniazid (INH)-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis consisting of 108 MDR (multidrug resistant) and 30 XDR (extensively drug resistant) isolated from patients in different regions of Belarus from 2007 to 2008 were screened by a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay and sequencing. As a result, 97.8% prevalence of the KatG315 mutation was detected in all isolates from patients either actually or previously treated with tuberculosis. This mutation was not found in any of 9 INH-susceptible isolates and 2 standard strains of H37Rv and Academia included in the study. All isolates that contained the mutation in KatG315 were classified as MDR and XDR by a culture-based susceptibility testing method. Among the 30 XDR isolates, 15 (50%), 12 (40%), and 3 (10%) were classified into principal genetic groups (PGG) 1, 2, and 3, respectively. It is concluded that INH-resistant MTB were associated with the mutated KatG315 phenotype. The simplicity of the assay, with 100% specificity, permits its implementation in routine practice at clinical microbiology laboratories for first and fast screening of cultures. This method has potential application for rapid diagnosis of INH resistance due to KatG315 mutation.
The article deals with the manuscript of a two-volume Russian-Belarusian Dictionary, prepared by the Institute of Linguistics of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences in the 1930s. There remained some fragments of the dictionary (more than 11.000 entries; while the real number of entries could probably total 100.000) in the archival funds of the bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus in the State Archive of the Republic of Belarus. Compared with the Russian-Belarusian Dictionary by M. Bajkou and S. Niekraševič (1928) the set of Belarusian equivalents to Russian words was greatly curtailed in this dictionary (dated 1936). In many cases Russicisms or lexemes that formally coincided with those of Russian were included in the Belarusian part of the dictionary. The abridgement of the word-list for ideological and puristic reasons was one of the important aspects of work on the manuscript.