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Comparative study of HMX and CL-20
Thermal analysis, combustion and interaction with aluminium
,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (C 6 H 6 N 12 O 12 , CL-20) is considered to substitute monocyclic nitramines, such as HMX and RDX in high-energy formulations. The cage structure of CL-20 causes additional ring strain, which effects a higher molecular density (438.19 g/mol for CL
Introduction Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a novel high energetic density material (HEDM) [ 1 ]. Its crystal density is 2.10 g cm −3 , and the detonation velocity corresponding to & = 2.10 g cm −3 is about 9,400 m s
Introduction Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a novel high energetic density material (HEDM) [ 1 ]. Its crystal density is 2.10 g cm −3 and the detonation velocity corresponding to ρ = 2.10 g cm −3 is about 9,400 m
Abstract
CL-20 is an attractive HEM having density (>2 g cm-3) and velocity of detonation (9400 m s-1) superior to HMX (1.9 g cm-3 and 9100 m s-1). During this study, CL-20 was synthesized to establish viability of efficient synthesis method. The compound synthesized at HEMRL was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. Thermal studies (dynamic DSC and isothermal TG) were undertaken to determine kinetic parameters and understand the decomposition patterns. An attempt is made to explain the mechanism of decomposition of CL-20 on the basis of the data obtained by the authors and findings of other researchers. The activation energy values obtained during this work by adopting various approaches are close to the values reported for N-NO2 bond cleavage suggesting that it is global rate determining process rather than the collapse of cage structure. Mass spectra also provides evidences in this regard. Monitoring of decomposition products at high temperature supports these findings and brings out that NO2 initiates secondary decomposition processes because of entrapment in cage structure.
Abstract
The new polycyclic nitramine 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) has been focused as a considerable amount of research recently on investigating its polymorphs, relative stability, and respective reaction chemistry. It is known as CL-20 popularly, CL-20 is a very high-energy and relatively high oxygen balance value crystalline compound whose method of synthesis and detailed performance data are still classified. 5-oxo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (NTO, or nitrotriazolone) was an insensitive molecule comparison general explosives, and the NTO based polymer bonded explosives (PBX) was a low vulnerability explosive. Both energetic materials are all very important high explosives, which is used in a variety of military formulations widely owing to the properties of high energy and desensitization of PBX, many researchers have demonstrated the usefulness of above two energetic materials in explosive component. In this work, the thermal decomposition characteristics of explosives CL-20 and NTO were studied using thermal analytical techniques (TG, DSC), then the compatibility of above two explosives with silicone rubber, and the decomposition kinetic parameters such as activation energies of decomposition, the frequency factor of the decompose reaction are also evaluated by non-isothermal DSC techniques.
-nitrodihydroxyethylaminedinitrate (DINA) and aluminum powder (Al, d 50 = 10.48 μm) as common energetic materials were all industrially produced; 3,4-dinitrofurzanfuroxan (DNTF), 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ), hexanitrohexazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), 4,6-dinitro-5,7-diamino
non-isothermal decomposition reaction kinetics of composite modified double base propellant containing Cl-20 . Acta Phys-Chim Sin 24 8 1371 – 1377 . 11. Xue , L , Zhao , FQ , Xing
, Yi , JH , Gao , HX , Xu , SY , Pei , Q , Hao , HX , Hu , RZ . 2010 . Dissolution properties of the CL-20 in ethyl acetate and acetone . J Therm Anal Calorim . 99 : 703 – 707 10.1007/s10973-009-0436-2 . 14
,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). It has some traits such as low melting point, high density, good stability, seemly sensitivity, simple synthesize technics, and so on [ 3 ]. The pilot study indicated that there is a widest prospect, a new kind of excellent integration
powder was dissolved in distilled water with a concentration of 50 wt%. As hardener 1% ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl 20 wt%) based on solid resin was added to liquid UF resin. Then three kinds of FR were added to the up liquid UF resin at 10, 20, and 30
