Search Results
Abstract
The sorption of radiocadmium on Ca-montmorillonite as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) was studied using batch technique. The results demonstrated that the sorption of Cd(II) was dependent on ionic strength at pH < 9, and was independent of ionic strength at pH > 9. Outer-sphere surface complexation and/or ion exchange were the main mechanism of Cd(II) sorption on Ca-montmorillonite at low pH, whereas the sorption at high pH was mainly dominated via inner-sphere surface complexation. The sorption of Cd(II) on Ca-montmorillonite was dependent on foreign ions at low pH values, but was independent of foreign ions at high pH values. A positive effect of HA/FA on Cd(II) sorption was found at low pH values, whereas a negative effect was observed at high pH values. The thermodynamic parameters (i.e., ΔH 0, ΔS 0, ΔG 0) were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms, and the results indicated that the sorption process of Cd(II) on Ca-montmorillonite was spontaneous and endothermic.
Abstract
The thermal behavior of montmorillonite and organically modified montmorillonite, both treated with heavy metal cations [Cu(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)], was characterized via thermal analyses (TG, DTG and DTA) combined with evolved species gas mass spectrometry (MS-EGA), and X-ray diffraction at in situ controlled temperature (HTXRD). The reactions involving Cu(II)- and Cd(II)-montmorillonite samples are mostly related to H2O and OH loss, unlike Hg(II)-montmorillonite, where effects associated to Hg(II) loss are also present. Finally reactions related to dehydration, dehydroxylation and to organic matter decomposition can be observed in montmorillonite samples treated with cysteine.
Abstract
The sorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solution on γ-Al2O3 was investigated under ambient conditions. Experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, solid content, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, fulvic acid and temperature. The results indicated that the sorption of Cd(II) was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. At low pH, the sorption of Cd(II) was dominated by outer-sphere surface complexation and ion exchange with Na+/H+ on γ-Al2O3 surfaces, whereas inner-sphere surface complexation was the main sorption mechanism at high pH. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) models were used to simulate the sorption isotherms at three different temperatures. The thermodynamic data (ΔG 0, ΔS 0, ΔH 0) calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms suggested that the sorption of Cd(II) on γ-Al2O3 was an spontaneous and endothermic process.
and sensing molecular devices [ 1 , 2 ] and develop receptors for metal ions of environmental importance, such as Cd(II), Hg(II) or Pb(II) [ 1 , 3 ] lanthanides [ 4 , 5 ] and anions [ 6 ]. The interest in the solution chemistry of cadmium
Abstract
The extraction coefficient of cadmium into 1,2-dichlorobenzene using isonitrosothiocamphor (HINTC) as a chelating agent at pH 8.5 is greater than 4585. It remains constant in the pH range of 7 to 10. The nature of the extracted species is ML2 as derived by the slope ratio method. A careful analysis of the effect of different groups on the extraction coefficient and separation factors of a number of ions against Cd(II) has been carried out. The separation factors for most of the elements is characteristically high.
Abstract
Equilibrium dialysis and atomic absorption analysis were used to obtain adsorption isotherms and determine the stoichiometric binding constants of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions to DNA from Spirulina platensis in solutions. The stoichiometric constants of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions with DNA from S. platensis in 3 mM NaCI are 15.56⋅104 and 14.40⋅104, respectively. Effect of ionic strength and DNA GC content on binding constants of Cu(II)- and Cd(II)-DNA complexes were studied out. It was showed that the binding constants of Cu(II)- and Cd(II)-DNA complexes decrease with increase of ionic strength. The empirical dependences of logK on the GC content has been derived for Cd(II)- and Cu(II)-DNA complexes.
Abstract
The sorption of nonionic surfactant (alkylmonoethers ALM-10), taking place simultaneously with the sorption of Cd(II) in H-form of polyacrylic cation exchangers KB-2 and KB-2-12P was investigated. Increasing the sorption of surfactant the decrease in both the stability of Cd(II) complex with cation exchanger and the equilibrium sorption of Cd(II) was observed. The isotherms of the sorption were measured; the coefficients of intraparticle diffusion (D) were calculated. The integration of the filter filled with polyacrylic cation exchanger into the system of sewage purification is suggested.
Abstract
In this work, hydroxyapatite (HAP) was prepared by aqueous precipitation technique and was characterized by using FT-IR to determine its chemical functional groups. A series of batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of various environmental factors such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, fulvic acid (FA) and temperature on the sorption behavior of HAP towards radionuclide 109Cd(II). The results indicated that the sorption of 109Cd(II) on HAP was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. A positive effect of FA on 109Cd(II) sorption was found at pH <7.0, whereas a negative effect was observed at pH >7.0. The Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R models were used to simulate the sorption isotherms at three different temperatures of 298.15, 323.15 and 343.15 K. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0) calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms indicated that the sorption process of 109Cd(II) on HAP was spontaneous and endothermic. At low pH, the sorption of 109Cd(II) was dominated by outer-sphere surface complexation and ion exchange on HAP surfaces, whereas inner-sphere surface complexation was the main sorption mechanism at high pH. From the experimental results, it is possible to conclude that HAP has good potentialities for cost-effective treatments of 109Cd(II)-contaminated wastewaters.
Abstract
Ion-exchange resins, especially chelating resins are used for pre-concentration of metal ions in trace analysis as well as for radiochemical separations following neutron activation of a variety of environmental samples. As part of a systematic study of the sorption characteristics of chelating resins, sorption of Zn(II) and Cd(II) by three chelating resins were studied for various acid conditions in nitrate and chloride media. Both Zn(II) and Cd(II) showed similar behavior. Under higher acid conditions, maximum sorption occurred in 3M HCl solutions. Under low acid conditions, the sorption increased with pH. Chelex 100 gave the highest sorption among the three resins.
Abstract
The 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) orotates were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, spectral methods (UV-vis and FTIR) and thermal analysis techniques (TG, DTG and DTA). The Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions in diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline)metal(II) diorotate octahedral complexes [M(H2O)2(phen)2](H2Or)2 nH2O (M=Co(II), n=2.25; Ni(II), n=3; Cu(II) and Cd(II), n=2) are coordinated by two aqua ligands and two moles of phen molecules as chelating ligands through their two nitrogen atoms. The monoanionic orotate behaves as a counter ion in the complexes. On the basis of the first DTGmax, the thermal stability of the hydrated complexes follows the order: Cd(II), 68C 68C
