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Summary
Though it has been reported that the accumulation of Cd in plant tissue increases with the decrease of the pH in soil, the mechanism of Cd accumulation in plant has not yet been clarified. Therefore, we investigated the effect of rhizosphere pH condition on the Cd accumulation in a soybean plant root, which is a gate for Cd uptake, using 109Cd tracer and an imaging plate (IP). Cadmium uptake by root tissue was found to be a fast reaction, since the amount of Cd uptake reached the plateau within about 2 hours (its time constant was about 20 minutes), Cd was easily transported into root apoplast, and moreover, its dynamics did not depend on an environmental pH condition (pH 4.5, 6.5). However, it was suggested that the amount of Cd taken up from the root was much higher in acidic conditions. Through image analysis taken by the IP, the accumulation and translocation of Cd were studied in roots.
Phytoremediation is an approach designed to extract excessive heavy metals from contaminated soils through plant uptake. Cadmium (Cd) is among the elements most toxic to living organisms. Health hazards associated with the lethal intake of Cd include renal (kidney) damage, anaemia, hypertension and liver damage. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown on artificially spiked soil (100 μg Cd g−1) with EDTA (2 mmol kg−1 in 5 split doses), FYM, vermicompost (VC) and microbial inoculants (MI) such as Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The growth of Brassica juncea L. was better in soil amended with FYM or VC as compared to unamended Cd-polluted soil. Growth was slightly suppressed in EDTA-treated soil, whereas it was better after treatment with MI. The application of FYM and VC increased the dry matter yield of Indian mustard either alone or in combination with microbial inoculants, while that of EDTA caused a significant decrease in the biomass of Indian mustard. The application of microbial inoculants increased the dry matter yield of both the roots and shoots, but not significantly, because MI shows greater sensitivity towards cadmium. The maximum cadmium concentration was observed in the EDTA +MI treatment, but Cd uptake was maximum in the VC + MI treatment. The Cd concentration in the shoots increased by 120% in CdEDTA over the Cd100 treatment, followed by CdVC (65%) and CdFYM (42%) in the absence of microbial inoculants. The corresponding values in the presence of MI were 107, 51 and 37%, respectively. A similar trend was also observed in the roots in the order CdEDTA+M > CdVC+M > CdFYM+M>Cd100+M.MI caused an increase in Cd content of 5.5% in the roots and 4.1% in the shoots in the CdEDTA+M treatment compared with the CdEDTA treatment. FYM, VC and EDTA also increased Cd uptake significantly both in the shoots and roots with and without microbial inoculants.The results indicated that Vermicompost in combination with microbial inoculants is the best treatment for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by Indian mustard, as revealed by the Cd uptake values in the shoots: CdVC+M (2265.7 μg/pot) followed by CdEDTA+M (2251.2 μg/pot), CdFYM+M (1485.7 μg/pot) and Cd100+M (993.1 μg/pot).
1765 1777 Lehoczky, É, et al., 1998. Effect of different soil pH on the Cd uptake by plants. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk. Rol. 456 . 409--415. Effect of
