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masses using GSI system. — Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 41, pp. 3–19. Minami M. Estimation of rock mass deformation modulus and strength of jointed hard rock masses using GSI system
characteristics on geomechanical parameters to evaluate the strength of both intact rock and rock mass by utilizing Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) methods in accordance to petrography and diagenesis affecting these geomechanical
The Poisson’s rate value of the rock mass is one of the most important rock mechanical and rock engineering parameter. This value is used for calculating the deformation of the tunnels or displacement on rock foundations, among the others. Unfortunately, measuring this value is very difficult and time consuming in rock masses. The goal of this paper is to present a simple method for estimating the Poisson’s rate value for rock masses if it is known for the intact rock. Using the well-known equations for determining the earth pressure at rest, the relationship between the internal friction angle and the Poisson’s rate value can be determined. Due to the relationship between the internal friction angle and the rock mass classification (namely GSI) are also determined, from these connections the Poisson’s rate value and the GSI can be calculated. A linear equation was found: decreasing the quality of the rock mass, the Poisson’s rate is increasing. The presented calculation is also good, if the Poisson’s rate of the intact rock is not determinable. In this paper it was assumed that the Poisson’s rate value is a material constant. Note, that theoretically it is not true, however for rock mechanical calculations the changing this value is never investigated.
: (1) a global severity index (GSI), aimed to measure global psychological distress, (2) a positive symptom distress index (PSDI), to evaluate the intensity of symptoms, and (3) a positive symptom total (PST). For the current study, the scale validated
Abstract
On-line isothermal gas phase chromatography was used to study halides of261104 (T1/2=65 s) and262,263105 (T1/2=34 s and 27 s) produced an atom-at-a time via the reactions248Cm(18O, 5n) and249Bk(18O, 5n, 4n), respectively. Using HBr and HCl gas as halogenating agents, we were able to produce volatile bromides and chlorides of the above mentioned elements and study their behavior compared to their lighter homologs in Groups 4 or 5 of the periodic table. Element 104 formed more volatile bromide than its homolog Hf. In contrast, element 105 bromides were found to be less volatile than the bromides of the group 5 elements Nb and Ta. Both 104 and Hf chlorides were observed to be more volatile than their respective bromides.
European eel is a catadromous fish species, which means that after living in freshwater premature individuals adapt to sea water, and migrate to the Sargasso Sea for spawning. Although male eel can be sexually matured even in freshwater, to date, it was believed that female eel can be matured only in seawater. Here we show that the process of sexual maturation may be induced in freshwater by treating female eels with carp pituitary (GSI = 9.87±1.55%). It is thus proposed that seawater condition is not an obligatory environment for stimulating gametogenesis and for artificial maturation of the European eel in neither gender.
Abstract
The synthesis of heavy elements and the search for new superheavy elements is one of the exciting fields in modern nuclear physics and chemistry. Heavy elements are produced by heavy-ion fusion reactions. Necessary prerequisites are intense heavy-ion beams from pure isotopic material and thin isotopically enriched targets. At GSI the elements from 107 to 112 were produced using targets of Pb and Bi and beams of the most neutron rich isotopes of Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn.1 We present the experimental set-up consisting of target wheel, velocity filter SHIP (Separator for Heavy Ion Reaction Products), and detector system. We shortly describe the status of the ion source techniques for delivering intense and stable beams for this kind of experiment.2 The manufacturing and properties of various source - target combinations used for the synthesis of the elements by now are discussed in detail as well as the possibilities for extending the experiments into the region of superheavy elements.3
Abstract
The proposed international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI-Darmstadt, will be a source of exotic radionuclidic beam and is expected to be operational in 2016. The facility will deliver 2 GeV/u to 45 GeV/u beam covering the entire range of the periodic table with the intensities three orders of magnitude higher than that available anywhere in the world today. This facility will serve all areas of fundamental sciences including nuclear physics, physics at extreme density conditions like neutron stars, plasma and laser physics, hadron physics and applied areas in chemistry, biology and material sciences. In this article, we discuss briefly the FAIR facility, with special emphasis on Indian participation.
Water deficiency is a major constraint in wheat production and the most important contributor to yield reduction in the semiarid regions of the world. species related to wheat are valuable genetic sources for different traits including resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To locate the genes controlling the physiological and agronomic criteria of drought tolerance, disomic addition lines of secale cereale cv. Imperial (donor) into the genetic background of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (recipient) were tested under field, greenhouse and laboratory conditions. Disomic addition lines exhibited significant differences for relative water content (RWC), relative water loss (RWL), water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal resistance (SR), indicating the presence of genetic variation and the possibility of selection for improving drought tolerance. Three physiological variables, RWL, WUE and SR, with high correlation with the stress tolerance index (STI) and germination stress index (GSI), contributed 69.7% to the variability of yield under stress (Ys) in the regression equation. Based on the physiological multiple selection index (MSI) most of the QTLs controlling physiological indices of drought tolerance were located on chromosomes 3R, 5R and 7R. The contribution of addition line 7R to the MSI was 47%. The evaluation of disomic addition lines for STI and GSI revealed that most of the QTLs involved in these quantitative criteria of drought tolerance are located on 3R and 7R. Cluster analysis and three dimensional plots of Ys, yield potential (Yp) and MSI indicated that 3R and 7R are the most important chromosomes carrying useful genes for improving drought tolerance.
Drought is one the critical abiotic factors that reduces the germination, growth and yield of crops. Therefore the present project was designed with the objective to screen the best drought tolerant hybrid of Vigna radiata. Genetic variations for drought tolerance among these hybrids were assessed by simple and efficient technique. Seven hybrids of V. radiata (9801, 7002, 9706, 08003, 07007, 97012 and 08007) were used for screening against three levels of drought stress (zero, control), 5% (–0.05 MPa) and 10% (–0.1 MPa) induced by Polyethyleneglycol (PEG6000). A higher proline content was observed in 07007 (6.10 μg/g fresh weight) as compared to all other hybrids. Treated seedlings of each hybrid were compared with their respective control to evaluate the differences in their growth under drought. Different parameters such as percentage of germination, germination stress tolerance index (GSI), shoot and root weights (bath fresh and dry) and lengths, root length stress index (RLSI), dry matter stress index (DMSI) and plant height stress index (PHSI) showed considerable variations. Germination percentage, shoot weights, PHSI and DMSI decreased in all hybrids along with the increase of PEG induced drought stress (5% and 10% PEG). In contrary, root weights and RLSI were increased under drought. Overall 07007 showed a better performance, and can therefore be classified as a drought tolerant hybrid.
