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The she-wolf with the twins, Romulus and Remus, was identified as a symbol of Rome by both the Romans themselves and nations under the Roman rule. In this essay I will discuss the Lupa Romana in Roman provincial art. I will present various visual representations of the she-wolf both in the public use and in objects related to private life, and analyze the she-wolf’s symbolic meaning.The Lupa Romana was an iconic scene that was not used randomly in provincial art. It represented in the first place the idea of romanitas, being Roman. In some cases the use of the symbol could have been in consequence of instructions from Rome itself or from provincial authorities that depended on Rome, but in most cases the motif was used by the inhabitants of the provinces themselves. It can be seen as an expression of loyalty to Rome and the emperor, but at the same time the message could have been directed to other members of the community, too. As romanitas was associated with higher social status, the she-wolf motif in the decoration of one’s house or gravestone could be seen as self-aggrandizement.
The imperial cult played important role throughout the whole antique world. It reached Rome with Caesar. In the centuries following him the divinity of the emperors were accepted by the whole population of the empire. The cult — in the eyes of the Roman population — assured the wellbeing of the state and its inhabitants. The only exception were Christians (together with Jews), who on the bases of their faith regarded emperor worship as idolatry. This is why, they became, in the eyes of the contemporary Roman population, atheists and the enemy of the state. This paper deals with the new results of the research of the imperial cult of Rome and its relationship with Christians.
of Romanisation in the south-eastern part of Pannonia province) . Novi Sad , pp. 45 – 64 . Buocz , T. and Gabler , D. ( 2002 ). Savariai városfal. A városfal építési ideje a terra sigillaták tükrében (Stadtmauer in Savaria. Die Zeit der
This paper aims to outline three topics in connection with money in Roman law. Firstly, the traditional concept of money is examined through ancient legal sources, leading to a deeper scrutiny of certain decision-making principles of Roman lawyers, namely that of naturalis ratio and rerum natura . After the evaluation of the related sources, it becomes clear that these principles were used as a kind of canon to separate naturalis and absurdus , and that is why naturalis ratio and rerum natura became the foundation stone of several cases. Finally, the issue of iactus missilium is analysed, focusing mainly on the question whether it is really traditio in incertam personam , or something else. The texts dealing with iactus missilium are on the one hand highly unanimous concerning the terminology, while on the other hand they contain merely pro forma arguments. After a closer examination of these texts as well as their true nature, the iactus missilium seems rather the unity of derelictio and occupatio than traditio in incertam personam .
autoputa kroz Srem. Novi Sad, 175–180. Sz. Burger, A. 1966 The Late Roman Cemetery at Ságvár. ActaArchHung 18, 99–234. Sz. Burger, A. 1985–1986 The Roman Villa and Mausoleum at Kővágószőlős near Pécs
to the connection of the plant to the tradition of the Roman ovatio . Careful consideration of the Virgilian attribution of the myrtle to Camilla will reveal the poet's extensive allegorical engagement with contemporary Roman history in his
Intercisa The auxiliary castellum and vicus of Intercisa both lie in the area of modern Dunaújváros, on the loess table of Öreghegy, south of the former Dunapentele settlement. Before the arrival of the Romans, the area was inhabited by the
When scrutinizing the concept of authority, presenting the basic definition of auctoritas, the capacity of increase and augmentation, Hannah Arendt appositely quotes the relevant passage by Cicero, according to which the task of founding the state, the human community, as well as the preservation of what has already been founded, highly resembles the function of the numen, the divine operation (Cicero, De re publica 1, 7. "Neque enim est ulla res in qua propius ad deorum numen virtus accedat humana, quam civitatis aut condere novas aut conservare conditas."); and in connection with this, she states that, from this aspect, the Romans regarded religious and political activity as being almost identical. The paper will examine various aspects of the numen, one of the most important phenomena of Roman religion (I.), its etymology (II.), the institution of the triumphus, a phenomenon seeming to be relevant from this point of view (III.), then the concept of numen Augusti, incorporating these elements of the religious sphere into the legitimation of power. (IV.)
Beginning with the well-known fact that one lost a lawsuit if he made even a single verbal mistake in his speech during the process of the legis actio (Gai. inst. 4, 11. 30), we have to examine through some examples the power of verbality in ius sacrum. (I.) We study the development of the concept of fatum (II.), a narration of Plinius maior concerning the dedicatio of the templum of Ops Opifera (III.), another narration based on a source of Plinius related to a special interpretation of prodigium (IV.), as well as parallels that can be discovered between “fruges excantare” and the ceremony of the evocatio (V.). From thes one could gain a picture of connection between Roman religion and jurisprudence of the Archaic Age and the spoken word.
Glass vessels in Pannonia The Pannonian glass industry played a significant role and was a melting pot between the West and the eastern part of the Empire. Due to its unique association with Roman culture, blown glass played an important role in
