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Amirjani, M. R. (2010) Effect of salinity stress on growth, mineral composition, proline content, antioxidant enzymes of soybean. Amer. J. Plant Physiol. 5 , 350–360. Amirjani M R Effect
plant ajwain ( Trachyspermum ammi [L.] Sprague) . J. Arid. Environ. 64 , 209 – 220 . 2. Asish , K. P. , Anath , B. D. ( 2004 ) Salt tolerance and salinity effects on
Afiah, S.A.N., Darwish, I.H.I. 2002. Combining ability analysis and heterosis in relation to salinity and drought stress for yield and its attributes of bread wheat. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ. 27 :8033
Biomphalaria glabrata snails were infected with Schistosoma mansoni and maintained at different dilutions of artificial ocean water for up to 4 weeks. Glucose and maltose concentration of the digestive gland-gonad complex were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography at different stages of the infection. B. glabrata snails were divided into three experimental groups: Group A, snails with early prepatent infection (10 days post-infection); Group B, snails with late prepatent infection (22 days post-infection); and Group C, snails with patent infection (45 days post-infection). Infected snails in A were maintained at different salinities for 2 weeks and then necropsied, and their two main simple sugars, i.e., glucose and maltose, were analyzed. Groups B and C contained two subgroups: the first subgoups were analyzed after 2 weeks, and the second after 4 weeks. Controls for these experiments were maintained identically in either deionized water or artificial spring water. Maltose and glucose were extracted from the digestive gland-gonad complex in ethanol-water (70:30). 1-Butanol-glacial acetic acid-diethyl ether-deionized water (27:18:5:3) mobile phase was used to separate sugars on EMD Millipore silica gel preadsorbent plates. Sugars were detected using α-naphthol-sulfuric acid reagent and quantified with a CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 at 515 nm. The obtained data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) single factor statistical analysis. Statistical differences were not found in any sugars in Group A snails. For glucose, a significant difference was found after 4 weeks in both B and C snails. For maltose, a significant difference was found after 4 weeks in B snails and after 2 weeks in C snails. Different salinity levels affect the maltose and glucose concentrations of adult B. glabrata snails infected with S. mansoni.
grayanus larvae to short- and long-term changes of salinity. Bull. Russ. Far East Malacol. Soc. 14 , 30–40. Sergeeva E. P. Adaptability of the bivalve mollusk Crenomytilus grayanus
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints in increasing agricultural crop production, especially wheat production in India. Screening of diverse germplasm in representative growing conditions is prerequisite for exploring traits with stable expression imparting salinity tolerance. A study was undertaken during 2011–2012 for characterizing wheat germplasm in three environments representing growing conditions of crop in Northern parts of India, estimating inter-relationship among traits and evaluating stability of trait conferring salinity tolerance. Significant value of mean square for observed trait across the environments signified presence of large variability in genotypes. Significant yield reduction was recorded in almost all genotypes in saline environment compared to non-saline condition. Ratio of potassium and sodium ion in leaf tissue (KNA); a key salt tolerance traits was found to be significantly correlated with biomass, SPAD value and plant height. Due to the presence of significant genotype × environment interaction (G × E) for KNA, additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was utilized to study stability of KNA among genotypes and environments. IPCA1 and IPCA2 were found to be significant and explained more than 99 per cent of variation due to G × E. KRICHAUFF was having maximum trait value with specific adaptation while DUCULA 4 and KRL 19 were having general adaptability. AMMI2 biplot revealed high stability of Kharchia 65 and KRL 99 across environments. E1 (timely sown, non-saline soil) recorded maximum site mean while E2 (timely sown, sodic soil) was having minimum interaction with genotypes (AMMI1 = 1.383). Thus, our studies suggest that AMMI model is also useful for estimating adaptability of traits other than yield utilized for breeding salt tolerant wheat varieties.
309 Yao, A. R. (1983): Salinity resistance: physiology and prices. Physiol Plant. , 58 , 214-222. Salinity resistance: physiology and prices
Effects of salinity on correlation, path and stress indices, yield and its components were studied in a set of 34 promising rice genotypes collected from various national and international organizations. These genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the wet seasons (kharif) of 2009 and 2010 in normal (ECiw ∼ 1.2 dS/m) and salinity stress (ECiw ∼ 10 dS/m) environments in micro plots at Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, India. Grain yield per plant showed positive significant association with plant height, total tillers, productive tillers, panicle length, and biological yield per plant and harvest index under normal environment, whereas grain yield showed positive significant association with biological yield and harvest index under salinity stress. These results clearly indicate that selection of high yielding genotypes would be entirely different under normal and saline environments. The stress susceptibility index (SSI) values for grain yield ranged from 0.35 (HKR 127) to 1.55 (TR-2000-008), whereas the stress tolerance index (STI) values for grain yield ranged from 0.07 (PR 118) to 1.09 (HKR 120). The genotypes HKR 120, HKR 47 and CSR-RIL-197 exhibited higher values of stress tolerance index (STI) in salinity. Under salinity, negative and significant association was shown by SSI and grain yield in contrast to positive and significant association shown by STI and grain yield. These associations could be useful in identifying salt tolerant and sensitive high yielding genotypes. The stress susceptible and stress tolerance indices suggest that the genotypes developed for salinity tolerance could exhibit higher tolerance, adaptability and suitability. Harvest index and biological yield traits emerged as the ideal traits for improvement through selection and could be used to increase the rice productivity under saline stress environments.
Àlvarez-Rogel, J., F. Alcaraz and R. Ortiz. 2000. Soil salinity and moisture gradients and plant zonation in Mediterranean salt marshes of Southeast Spain. Wetlands . 20: 357
temperature tolerant rootstock genotypes for cucumber . J. Plant Physiol. 138 , 661 – 666 . 5. Cheeseuman , J. M. ( 1988 ) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants
