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The study analyses the potential effects of the Treaty on the Hungarian Constitution and its application by the Hungarian Constitutional Court, and the more general-and at the European Law’s present stage of the development unavoidable-problem of the theoretical analysis of European Law as a branch of law.The study points out that the Hungarian Constitution’s Accession Clause (Article 2/A) has not solved the problem of the primacy of Community Law, as far as the relationship between EU Law and the Hungarian Constitution is concerned, therefore the Constitutional Court encounters a problem that is increasingly difficult to resolve, when facing issues relating to the incompatibility of Hungarian statutes with EU Law. The study criticises some solutions proposed by the Constitutional Treaty (e.g. the institution of “recommendations”-(the present practice of “guidelines” etc.) which is definitely unconstitutional according to the Hungarian Constitution and its application practice by the Constitutional Court. Finally the study complements the problems thus outlined with the fact that the concept of EU Law and its various parts have not been clarified from a dogmatic perspective-the time has come to systematize this enormous material of law, especially when a Constitutional Treaty makes the attempt to summarize the legal fundaments of the unprecedented effort to develop an economic and political integration in Europe.

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Abstract  

Gamma-ray treatment in the presence of ozone (O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) showed an efficient removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). Without gamma-irradiation, TCE and PCE were not sufficiently decomposed to comply with the water quality limit of groundwater. However, near 100% of TCE and PCE were removed at a dose of 300 Gy in the presence of O3 and TiO2, where TiO2 showed an explicit enhancement of decomposition. Cytotoxicity test using Chinese hamster V79 cells showed no toxicity of the TCE and PCE decomposition products.

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Abstract  

Carbonate ions significantly inhibit the decomposition of TCE (trichloroethylene) and PCE (perchloroethylene) by gamma-rays. The inhibition effect is larger in the case of TCE than PCE due to a greater dependence of TCE decomposition on hydroxyl radicals. The inhibition effect of carbonate ions was characterized by an EPR/spin-trapping technique. The intensity of DMPO-OH adduct signal decreased as the carbonate ion concentration increased and the percent of signal reduction was linearly proportional to the logarithm of carbonate ion concentration. This directly proves that the carbonate ions inhibit the decomposition of TCE and PCE by scavenging hydroxyl radicals.

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Abstract  

Radiation treatment in the presence of catalysts such as anatase, P25 and bentonite showed efficient removal of TCE (trichloroethylene) and PCE (perchloroethylene) compared with gamma-irradiation alone. Gamma-ray pretreatment of P25 and bentonite enhanced the decomposition of TCE and PCE, respectively. The change in the catalysts by gamma-rays was characterized by their EPR spectra. For anatase and bentonite, the peaks in the spectra increased significantly, and the pattern of the spectra changed in the case of P25. The relationship between the peaks and pollutant decomposition should be further clarified due to the complexity of the spectra.

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Abstract  

Stable and transient products of the -radiolysis of dichloromethane (DCM) and 1,1-dichloroethane (11 DCE) have been investigated in an oxygen-free atmosphere. The stable products were separated by preparative gas chromatography and identified by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The quantitative determinations were performed by potentiometric and gas chromatographic analysis. The main products of radiolysis of DCM are dimers (11DCE, 12DCE, 112TCE, 1122TetraCE) and the product of dechlorination CM; in the case of 11DCE-dimers (133TCB, 2233TetraCB) and the product of dechlorination CE as well as products of isomerization and chlorination of the parent compound (12DCE, 112TCE). The gas products of both chlorides are HCl and H2. The ESR investigations at 77 K indicate the formation of at least two kinds of radicals in both chlorides: CH2Cl/CHCl2=1/3 in DCM and CH3CCl2/CH3CHCl=2.5/1 in 11DCE. An outline of the mechanism of radiolysis is proposed.

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Ziegler-Natta catalytic systems

Calorimetric and DFT study on TiCl4-Lewis base interactions

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Authors:
L. Cavallo
,
J. Ducéré
,
Rosalisa Fedele
,
A. Melchior
,
Maria Mimmi
,
G. Morini
,
F. Piemontesi
, and
Marilena Tolazzi

Abstract  

A calorimetric investigation on the reactions of TiCl4 with phthalates in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) is presented in order to better understand the complex interactions present in Ziegler-Natta catalytic systems. The Lewis bases diethyl isophthalate (L1), diethyl terephthalate (L2) and the ortho-isomer diethylphthalate (L3), have been chosen to study how the substituent positions could influence the energy and the stoichiometry of the complexation reactions. FTIR spectroscopy was used to obtain information on the coordination mode of the ligands and diffusion measurements by NMR was carried out to verify the presence of oligo-or polymeric species. Experimental results were compared with theoretical calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT).

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Wilson, J.B., T.C.E. Wells, I.C. Trueman, G. Jones, M.D. Atkinson, M.J. Crawley, M.E. Dodd and J. Silvertown. 1996. Are there assembly rules for plant species abundance? An investigation in relation to soil resources and successional trends. J. Ecol. 84

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the sharedness of the team’s mental model about psychological safety (SMM PS ) and the convergence of the mental model on team creative efficacy (SMM TCE ) will show the same results pertaining to the emergence of team processes and performance

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European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Authors:
Hagen Frickmann MD
,
H. Neubauer
,
U. Loderstaedt
,
H. Derschum
, and
R. M. Hagen

Kamagata T Kanagawa R Kurane 2000 Burkholderia kururiensis sp. nov., a trichloroethylene (TCE

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92 189 192 Wilson, J.B., Wells, T.C.E., Trueman, I.C., Jones, G., Atkinson, M.D., Crawley, M.J., Dodd, M.E. and Silvertown, J. 1996. Are there

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