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According to the colophons of the Old Uyghur Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā (DKPAM), this collection of Buddhist birth legends was translated from a Tocharian A (tohrı) source which in turn was based on a Tocharian B (küsän) original. A Tocharian B fragment from the Paris Pelliot collection presents a close parallel to the legend of Kalmāṣapāda and Sutasoma of the Old Uyghur DKPAM. This legend is so far not attested in Tocharian A. Although the existence of a Tocharian A intermediary text cannot be excluded, the parallel is so close that the Old Uyghur text may also have been translated directly from Tocharian B.
The collection of Buddhist legends entitled Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā (DKPAM) is attested in several native languages of Central Asia (Tocharian A, Tocharian B, Sogdian, Old Uyghur). While the Old Uyghur version is rather well preserved, only fragments remain of the DKPAM in Tocharian A, Tocharian B, and Sogdian. The article identifies two small fragments in Tocharian B as belonging to the avadāna of Hariścandra. They are interpreted with reference to the corresponding Old Uyghur version of the tale.
The collection of Buddhist legends entitled Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā (DKPAM) is best preserved in Old Uyghur. According to the colophons of this Old Uyghur version, it was translated from Tocharian. In this paper, two Tocharian B fragments that are parallel to the Supāraga-Avadāna of the Old Uyghur DKPAM are presented, together with a third Tocharian B fragment that may belong to the same avadāna, but is so far lacking a parallel in Old Uyghur.
Abstract
The previously non-discussed ancient east Asian Wanderwort araĵaran ‘interjection; barely, suddenly’ is discussed and presented in great detail, and traced throughout many languages phonologically and semantically. The root has also undergone local secondary semantic developments in places, meanings which have then been borrowed into neighboring languages, some already carrying the same root, some borrowing only the new semantic meaning. Aft er detailed lexical documentation of this root in various languages, a possible semantic map is presented at the end of the study. Language groups and languages involved in this very geographically spread out Wanderwort are the Turkic, Tungusic, Mongolic and Yukaghir languages, as well as Tocharian B, Sel’kup, Kamass, Kott, Russian, Japanese and Iñupiatun.
The present paper examines the origin of two Tocharian animal names, assuming that they were borrowed from an oriental source. The Common Tocharian term for ‘poisonous snake, viper’ (Toch. A ārṣal, B arṣāklo) reproduces exactly the Turkic name *arsala:n ‘lion’, whereas the Tocharian B partākto ‘camel’ seems to represent a loanword from East Iranian *pardāk(u)-tā (pl.) ‘leopards’ (perhaps created by a contamination with Altaic *aktan- ‘a castrated animal’). The phonetic aspects of both derivations are unquestionable. The semantic differences may be explained by the fact that Proto-Tocharians borrowed names of two unknown exotic animals and later they wrongly identified the word with different animals, transferring the Turkish name for ‘lion’ into ‘poisonous snake, viper’ and the Iranian name for ‘leopard’ into ‘camel’. The same process is perfectly attested in Slavonic (e.g. Polish słoń ‘elephant’ < Turkish (dial.) aslan ‘lion’; Pol. wielbłąd ‘camel’ < Greek elephas, -antos ‘elephant’) and many other languages.
References Adams, Douglas Q. 2013. A Dictionary of Tocharian B (Revised and Greatly Enlarged). [Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10.] Amsterdam
Georges-Jean Pinault and Werner, Winter 2009 . A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A . Vol. 1 : Letters a–j . Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz . Adams , Douglas Q . 2013 . A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and Greatly Enlarged . [ 2 nd ed
. Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben. Die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen . Wiesbaden : Reichert . References Adams , Douglas Q . 2013 . A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and Greatly Enlarged . [Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10.] Amsterdam
VI.2. REFERENCES ADAMS , Douglas Q . 2013 . A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and Greatly Enlarged . 2 vols. [Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10.] Amsterdam/New York : Rodopi . ALLON , Mark 2021 . The Composition and Transmission of
-jung and Ogihara Hirotoshi 2010 [2012] . ‘A Tocharian B sale contract on a wooden tablet.’ Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology
