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The author is aiming to interpret the historical connection between Old Russian kamka and Old Novgorodian õàìú ‘textile of silk damask’. She comes to the conclusion that the former is a borrowing from East Old Turkic qamqï, while the latter is a loan from West Old Turkic χamï. Both Old Turkic words are of Chinese origin.
In 1998, during the archaeological excavations in the Kremlin of Kazan (Tatarstan) a harness mount was found in a mixed layer of the 16th century. It was made of silver, ornamented with a rosette and gilt background. This type of mounts frequently occurs in ancient Hungarian graves of the Carpathian Basin from the first part of the 10th century. The author tries to prove that the Kazan piece must also have been made in Hungary and transported by merchants to Volga Bulgaria. The trade between mediaeval Hungary and Volga Bulgaria is often mentioned in written sources and well documented also by the presence of archaeological finds of Hungarian origin in former Volga Bulgaria and 10th-century Muslim coins of Bulgarian provenance in ancient Hungarian graves of the Carpatian Basin.
The article aims at summarising the evidence of European sources concerning the towns of the Middle Volga region. First, the Hungarian Anonymus's Gesta Ungarorum is scrutinised, then the Western travellers' accounts are considered. The result is that prior to the 14th century only Bulgar, the capital of Volga Bulgaria was known to medieval West. In the second part of the paper the works of 14th-15th-century European cartography are investigated. The names and locations of three towns (Bulgar, Kremencuk and Jüketau) are dealt with in detail. The final conclusion is that these maps, though they are precious contemporary sources, must be handled with special caution and criticism.
the 18th century. So far, this topic has remained outside modern history books and academic courses in Bulgarian schools. That is why the appearance of the latest monograph on Volga Bulgaria by Georgi Vladimirov, printed by the renowned Bulgarian
. Győrfi , Dávid 2014 . ‘Khwarezmian: Mapping the Kipchak component of Pre-Chagatai Turkic.’ Acta Orientalia Hung . 67 / 4 : 383 – 406 . Hakimzjanov , Farid Sabirzjanovič 1986 . ‘New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions.’ Acta Orientalia Hung . 40
. Hakimzjanov , Farid Sabirzjanovič 1986 . ‘New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions . ’ AOH 40 : 173 – 174 . Huzin , Fajaz Šaripovič [ХУЗИН Фаяз Шарипович] 1995 . Великий город на Черемшане . Стратиграфия, хронология. Проблемы Биляра-Булгара . Казань
region of the Volga Bulgar territory, and it was reduced in another territory. The v -prothesis appeared in Chuvash before the initial Volga Bulgar u. The Turkic velar ï was preserved in Oguric and in one region of Volga Bulgaria, and it became
A korai magyar történelem régészeti és archeogenetikai kutatásának legfrissebb eredményei Nyugat-Szibériától a Középső-Volga vidékig
Archaeological and genetic data from the Early Medieval cemeteries of the Volga and Ural region
keleten maradt (Julianus-féle) magyarok hagyatéka Fig. 5 . 1: Volga Bulgaria (8 th –13 th centuries) in the light of historical and archaeological sources ( Zimonyi, 2015 ) 68; 2–3: The Chiyalik archaeological culture (after Garusztovics, 2015 ), which
