Search Results
Abstract
This study focuses on work alienation and publication productivity of agricultural scientists in two international research centers. Previous research has been criticized because the variables emphasized have typically been poorly correlated with publication productivity. Additionally, although work alienation of professionals has received considerable attention in the literature, seldom has it been included in empirical studies of publication productivity. Results indicate two perceptions of structure, centralization and formalization, are significantly correlated with work alienation, but less so with publication productivity. Work alienation is significantly, but modestly, correlated with publication productivity. In a multiple regression analysis, work alienation proved to be less important than perceived centralization. Implications for supervisors of scientific staffs include reducing the layers of hierarchy and empowering staff by giving them a voice in research goals and organizational operations.
This paper examines the transpositional usage of plural forms of nouns, personal pronouns, and verbs, and represents the semantic derivational process of their uncategorical (intentional) meanings. According to this, these intentional meanings of plural forms, such as hyperbolic meaning, indefiniteness, negative judgment, distancing, etc., generated from the concepts of deindividualization and alienation, are closely connected to each other. Intentional meanings of plural forms of nouns, to which the numerical opposition is most peculiar, exert influence on formation of the intentional meanings of plural forms of other parts of speech.
Abstract
György Lukács is an intellectual ‘heavyweight’ of that century which, since Eric Hobsbawm, we have called a short one, although the years from 1900 to 1914 and from 1989 to 2000 do not fit into the picture of a century that was defined by war and civil war, by ideological trench warfare, by the Shoah and the Gulag, by the Cold War and decolonisation, by new art forms and media. With his early books The Soul and the Forms and his Theory of the Novel, he made an enduring contribution to aesthetic modernity; with History and Class Consciousness, his first work in the footsteps of Hegel and Marx, he made a pioneering attempt to place Marxism on philosophical feet and, like Antonio Gramsci or Karl Korsch, to correct the theoretically non-ambitious, Darwinian-influenced Marxism of the last quarter of the 19th century. It is seen in this essay as a work of discontinuity in continuity.
Absztrakt:
1968-ban nemcsak politikai forradalmak rázkódtatták meg a világot. A diákmozgalmak résztvevői az emberek életformáját is forradalmasítani kívánták. Egyenlő magatartásnormákat követeltek férfiaknak és nőknek, új emberi kapcsolatokat és intézményeket próbáltak kialakítani. Változtattak a nevelésen, a gyerekkori szocializáción. Új szellemben határozták meg magánélet és közélet határait, kommunákat szerveztek. Megújították a gondolkodás és ízlés tartalmait, a kultúra értelmét. A tanulmány ezeket a törekvéseket, eredményeiket és hatásukat tekinti át.
Abstract
This article tackles an under-explored aspect of Castel’s alienation in El Túnel: the conflict between the author and his work. Like many artists, Castel finds himself isolated from the pedestrian mainstream. However, in opposition to other misunderstood artists who discover in their works an aesthetic connection that compensates somewhat for their social alienation, Castel is distanced not only from the public with whom he attempts to communicate via his literary creations, but he is no less so from the works themselves. At war both with society and the higher imperatives of his artistic impulses, Castel struggles in vain to connect with his art and those it reaches. He remains aesthetically disenfranchised and socially marginalized throughout the work. As his narrative drifts off into an inconclusive silence, the reader comes to understand more fully the complex interweave that characterizes the aesthetic encounter. At the point where artistic consumers consider the quixotic work of a distant author, definitive conclusions matter less than the struggle to identify that elusive conjuncture between the explicit and the poetic, the accessible and the impenetrable, the chaotic and the coherent: bipolar tensions that endow the aesthetic enterprise with is enduring omnipotence.
Cannibalism is a narrative of the self and of the other. Dramatising as it does the fear that the body's boundaries are unstable and can be breached, it remains the representative barbarism, yet it also lies at the center of Western culture, in the form of the Catholic Mass, for example. From Othello's 'anthropophagi' to the racist jokes of the 1950s, the theme of cannibalism in popular discourse has coincided with periods of high colonialism when relations with the other are at their most sharp. As The Silence of the Lambs showed it is also a popular contemporary narrative of alienation. This paper examines the topos of cannibalism in nineteenth century popular songs relating to the sea. Given the horror with which the practice was condemned in the nineteenth century, particularly by the proselytising churches, it is paradoxical that it became central to popular representations of contemporary capitalism as a metaphor of the colonial project. Bloodsucking and dismembering became regular features of popular legend. In these songs the victims are not the colonial other but usually disempowered members of the ship's crew such as cabin boys. They exist against a background of several documented cases of actual cannibalism. The song representations became so widely known that they attracted parody and burlesque in light opera and the music hall.
Abstract
Henry David Thoreau, who was ignored and dismissed by his contemporaries, now has become a global figure as the saint and pioneer of environmental protection. This study intends to explore Thoreau’s life philosophy on man and nature encountering the industrial civilization, which he believed caused the life alienation of nature and human beings. In his reflection on industrial civilization, Thoreau inquired into the rationality of science and technology, recognized the exploitation of life under the guidance of rationality and objected to the material culture in which people’s lives were eroded and degraded. Beneath his fierce critiques, there is a great concern about the existence and development of the whole universal life. He tried to find an ideal solution to the crises of natural ecology and spiritual ecology of human beings. His critiques on industrial civilization and his cosmological beliefs of life are still enlightenment for the alienated people of today. The author thinks that Chinese people could also gain some revelation from Thoreau’s life philosophy. Firstly, it stimulates us to rediscover and reinterpret the Chinese classics, which have been ignored in China in the past 100 years, and to find our own eco-wisdom; Secondly, it forces us to reflect on China’s development of modernization.
This article offers a comparative assessment of how successfully Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have coped with the challenges of renewed independence since 1991, focusing on various aspects of political, economic, and social development. In the post-communist context the Baltic states have clearly outpaced other former Soviet republics and also performed reasonably well in comparison to the countries of Eastern Europe. The convergence of the Baltic experience, which began already in the early 20th century, has continued in the recent past as well, as the three states have adopted a number of similar approaches in domestic politics, the search for security, and economic policy. They also face a number of similar unsolved problems, including considerable political alienation, tensions in relations with Russia, socioeconomic disparity, and demographic challenges. The most important difference in the issues confronting the Baltic states today continues to be the large non-Baltic, mainly Russian presence in Estonia and Latvia, a result of Soviet-era policies. How to effect the meaningful integration of a multiethnic society remains a continuing challenge in these two countries. In contrast, population shifts under Soviet rule never became massive in Lithuania, and ethnic relations are a minor issue there today.
Az ismeretfogyasztói attitűd mint jelenkori probléma
Knowlewdge Consumer Attitude As a Contemporary Problem
A tanulmány a modern korok emberének tudáshoz való viszonyát fogyasztói attitűdként elemzi. Ennek központi elemei a felhasználói szemlélet, a szükségletkielégítő hozzáállás, a megszerző attitűd, a megrendelői mentalitás és a válogató attitűd. Igyekszem megmutatni, hogy ezek a jellegzetességek a megismerői magatartásban is tetten érhetők. Elemzésem új megvilágításba kíván helyezni olyan jelenségeket, melyeket a tudományos világképbe vetett bizalom megrendülésével, illetve a tudománytól való elidegenedéssel szokás összefüggésbe hozni. Felvázolom, hogy mely pontokon ütközik ez a hozzáállás a tudás közkeletű normatív koncepciójával, és megvizsgálom, hogy a tanulmány értelmezési kerete milyen konstruktív gondolkodási irányokat jelöl ki a megoldások kereséséhez.
Summary Née à Douala, au Cameroun en 1958 (61), Calixthe Beyala s'avère comme la première femme africaine à braquer sur la violence sexuelle dont la femme africaine souffre, de même, elle présente la femme comme soumettant au désir de l'homme pour le seul plaisir de l'humilier. Installée à Paris avec ses deux enfants, Beyala a fait ses études au Cameroun, en Espagne, et en France. Ainsi, à l'encontre de ses sœurs africaines elle est munie d'audace pour contredire les exigences orthodoxes et traditionnelles qui méprisent la femme. Face à une société corrompue, où les gens ne semblent vivent que pour les plaisirs sexuels, Beyala exploite, par l'usage d'un langage mordant et perçant, la réalité crue, violente, et maléfique dans laquelle se trouve la femme africaine. Elle postule que la femme noire doit s'émanciper et retrouver la sérénité, la paix et le vrai amour en France. Beyala va la placer dans les bidonvilles, les quartiers abjects de Paris. Mais les suicides de ses protagonistes, Sorraya et Ngaremba à Paris, le centre de luxe, au moment de l'éclatement de leur succès retentissant souligne l'aliénation des africaines, leur échec au jeu sentimental et la névrose traumatique résultante. L'amour pour la plupart d'entre elles n'est qu'un mirage et une anticipation inachevée. Il est supposé qu'enfin de compte l'option que l'écrivain relève sera utile à la consolation de la femme africaine, délaissée et désorientée par une culture dénigrante. L'amour entre femmes les aidera à supporter leur « Féminitude ». Néanmoins l'entendement des femmes dans l'œuvre de Calixthe Beyala n'empêche pas leur humiliation, ni leur décès chagrinant.
