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. 2006 4 548 557 Kosters, A., Jirsa, M., Groen, A. K. Genetic background of cholesterol gallstone disease
Abstract
A comparison of special low-background germanium counting systems used at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory will be presented. These vary from specially modified instruments in the laboratory to low-cosmic-exposure detectors operated deep underground. The underground detectors have copper cryostats completely electroformed from low-background copper. Electroforming is a process analogous to zone refining in its ability to remove chemical impurities. Shielding techniques and their merit are compared as to difficulty and benefit. Active cosmic veto is directly compared to passive overburden shielding. Special attention is paid to cosmic activation of the cryostat and the germanium crystal itself.
The influence of family business background on the entrepreneurial intention of individuals
A quantitative study of Hungarian university students
literature, the study of generational change and succession is an increasingly popular emerging field of research ( Sallay et al. 2023 ; Wieszt 2020 ). However, young people with family business backgrounds and strong entrepreneurial inclinations tend not
inculcate the mind” ( Alaner, 2007 ). In the first decade of life, children have twice as much neural activity and connections in their brains as adults ( Flohr et al., 2000 ). When music is playing in the background while a child is busy with an activity
their paychecks to their husbands ( Duncan, 2008 ). Their life stories indicate that women who leave polygamous societies do not have a formal academic background, employment skills, or life skills, such as budgeting, self-direction, and autonomy
(L1) and foreign language (L2) reading has been a neglected area in research. For this reason, this study seeks to contribute to the exploration of how teachers see their own reading and whether background variables are connected to, or make a
. 2006 34 911 918 Kuti, C., Láng, L., Bedő, Z. (2008): Informatical background of field experiments. Cereal Res. Commun
( Marcus, 2016 ; Schrock, 2015 ). Despite Tinder’s popularity and its advantages, no empirical study examined the psychological background of problematic Tinder use. For this purpose, first, a short and reliable measure was constructed that can assess the
Abstract
A germanium diode gamma-ray spectrometer has been constructed that exhibits background levels three orders of magnitude lower than conventional low-background laboratory spectrometers in the energy region around 100 keV and five orders of magnitude lower in the energy region above 3 MeV. The steps necessary to achieve this reduction are described, and the application of this technology to construction of ultralow background laboratory based germanium diode gamma-ray spectrometers is discussed.
Abstract
A summary of sources of background affecting gamma-ray spectrometers and methods for eliminating each are discussed, along with practical cost/benefit ratios. Background contributed by samples generally defines practical levels for system background. The practical bottom line can be obtained for relatively modest costs. A realistic bottom line is attained in underground systems when the major contributions to the background come from cosmogenically produced68Ge and double-beta decay of76Ge in the detector. The true bottom line is reached with isotopically enriched detectors that eliminate these two chemically inseparable radioactive impurities. Data from isotopically enriched detectors are presented.
