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., Rémésy, C., Chanliaud, E., Duperrier, B., Balfourier, F., Charmet, G. 2006. Genetic variability and stability of grain magnesium, zinc and iron concentrations in bread wheat. Eur. J. Agron. 25 :177–185. Charmet G
stomata apparatus of bread wheat to drought by the intervarietal substitution of chromosomes. In: Proceedings of the 14 th International EWACConference, 6–10 May, 2007, Istanbul, Turkey. EWAC Newsletter, pp. 108
Norin 10 and Tom Thumb dwarfing genes in British, Mexican, Indian and other hexaploid bread wheat varieties. Euphytica 30: 355–361. Rao M.V. A classification of the Norin 10 and
progress in triticale and bread wheat. In: Proc. 5 th Int. Triticale Symp. E. Arseniuk (ed). Vol. I: 37–40. Sharma, R. C. & E. Duveiller. 2003. Selection index for improving helminthosporium leaf
92 140 150 Stelmakh, A.F. 1993. Genetic effect of Vrn gene on heading date and agronomic traits in bread wheat. Euphytica 100 :359
This study aimed to analyze drought tolerance in bread wheat by examining the effect of soil water deficit on yield performance of synthetic bread wheat derivatives. Thirteen genotypes of synthetic bread wheat derivatives selected from a backcross (Cham 6 ///Haurani / Ae. tauschii ICAG400709 //Cham 6) were used for field evaluation in two experimental sites for two consecutive years. In addition, three synthetic wheat genotypes grown under different planting dates were compared for yield performance. Grain yield was highly correlated with harvest index under all of four cropping environments. No significant contribution of biomass to the grain yield was found in these plant materials. Late planting generated plant growth under the drier soil conditions after the heading time than under normal planting conditions, which resulted in considerable grain yield reduction. A synthetic wheat genotype selected from the materials showed significantly higher grain yield under late planting condition than the check variety, Cham 6. These results suggest that higher grain yield in a synthetic bread wheat genotype is associated with rapid translocation of photosynthetic carbohydrates to the grains after heading time.
Various milling parameters, wet gluten content and key dough properties were analyzed for two sister lines of bread wheat with Ae. markgrafii introgressions in genetic background of cultivar Alcedo carrying a set of sub-chromosomal alien segments on chromosomes 2AS, 2BS, 3BL, 4AL and 6DL. The lines revealed higher grain vitreousness, larger particle size of flour, and higher wet gluten content in grain compared to cv. Alcedo. The flour from these lines also showed excellent water absorption and developed more resilient dough. The introgressions in the Alcedo genome caused no reduction in 1,000-grain weight. General improvement of the grain technological properties appears to be the result of introgressions into 2AS, 2BS and 3BL chromosomes. Coincidence of locations of Ae. markgrafii introgressions in chromosome with the QTLs positions for technological traits, revealed in bread wheat mapping populations, is discussed.
. Sodium exclusion QTL associated with improved seedling growth in bread wheat under salinity stress. Theor. Appl. Genet. 12 :877–894. McDonald G.K. Sodium exclusion QTL associated with
The genetic diversity of 116 spring bread wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan from 1929-2004 was studied by means of a genealogical analysis. The tendency of genetic diversity to change over time was traced by analysing a series of n ´ m matrices, where n is the number of released cultivars and m is the number of landrace ancestors. The pool of landrace ancestors of spring wheat cultivars in 1929-2004 contained a total of 114 landraces and old varieties, including 19 from Kazakhstan and Central Asia and 23 from neighbouring regions of Russia. The original ancestors differ significantly in frequency of presence and hence in their importance in the genepool of spring wheats cultivated in Kazakhstan. Significant differences in the contributions of dominant ancestors to cultivars for various regions have been revealed, showing that those ancestors were specifically adapted to different growing conditions. During the past 75 years, genetic diversity has increased due to the wide use of foreign materials in breeding programmes. A more detailed study has shown that during the period analysed, 15 landraces from Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Central Asia and Russia (35% of local germplasm) were lost from the pedigrees. The cluster structure of modern cultivars included in the Kazakhstan Official List (2002) was established. By analysing coefficients of parentage, significant differences in the genetic diversity of cultivars from various growing regions were revealed.
Introduction
Stability and adaptability of 25 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for genotype × environment interaction (G × E) and yield stability across two environments over 2 years (2014 and 2015).
Materials and methods
Five improved varieties (Haidra, Salammbô, Tahent, Utique, and Vagua) released in Tunisia and 20 introduced genotypes (V1–V20) have been tested under two contrasted environments during 2 years characterized by different precipitations in the northwest of Tunisia. Several statistical approaches were conducted to evaluate yield stability: (a) regression coefficient (bi ), (b) deviation from regression (Sdi ), (c) ecovalence (Wi ), (d) Hühn stability (Sli ), and (e) AMMI stability value.
Results
A standard multifactor analysis of variance test showed that the main effects due to genotypes, locations, and the interaction (genotype × locations) were highly significant. The highly significant interactions indicate that genotypes need to be tested during several years and at different locations for selecting the most stable one. The results showed that all statistical analyses allowed classifying the 25 studied genotypes according to their grain yield level (low, medium, or high), their adaptability to different environments.
Conclusion
Tahent variety was confirmed to be most valuable due to its high production level, stability and its adaptability to variable environments including unfavorable ones.
