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Previous research describes social structure in which employees are embedded as one of the important determinants of intra-organizational career expectations. There are two contradictory arguments in the literature, however. First, social closure of informal relations is supposed to strengthen the intentions of staying. Second, the efficiency and effectivity of the individual social network is assumed to enhance in-house career expectations. This empirical study analyzed data from 44 R&D teams in the Netherlands. Multilevel analysis was used to separate individual and team influences. Results show that the prospects to stay in the R&D team are determined positively by social closure, whereas the expectation to stay in the organization is determined positively by the efficiency and effectivity of individual social networks. The conclusions highlight that different forms of social capital might be important for different types of career perspectives.
between academic achievement, motivation, and career expectations. Ahinful, Tauringana, Bansah, and Essuman (2019) , showed a positive correlation between students' interest in their chosen academic field and their academic performance. Among the several
with parents), 4) parents' educational involvement (e.g. strategies, rationale), 5) understandings of education (including attitudes and changes in attitudes due to migration) and 6) educational and career expectations. In total, I interviewed 26
