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Debling, D., Amelang, M., Hasselbach, P., et al.: Diabetes and cognitive function in a population-based study of elderly women and men. J. Diabetes Complications, 2006, 20 , 238–245. Hasselbach P
Arvanitakis, Z., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., et al.: Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function. Arch. Neurol., 2004, 61 , 661–666. Bienias J. L
The effects of 100 dB prenatal and chronic postnatal white noise stress (WNS) on some cognitive functions and behaviors in rats were investigated. For this purpose, 60 female Sprague-Dawley rats and their 90 male offspring were used. Pregnant rats were divided into Prenatal Stress (PS) and Prenatal Control (PC) groups. WNS was applied to PS group between the 14 th and 21 st days of their pregnancy, while PC rats were left undisturbed. After weaning, 40 male pups of PS dams were assigned to prenatal + chronic postnatal stress (PSCS) and prenatal stress + non-stress (PSN) groups. Pups of PC dams were divided into Control (CON) and Corticosterone (CORT) groups. During the postnatal 30 th and 51 st days, WNS was applied to PSCS and CORT rats everyday for 45 minutes, while PSN and CON groups were left undisturbed. The effects of stress on adult male offspring were investigated using Morris water maze and defensive withdrawal tests. Blood samples were collected after each test for serum corticosterone measurements. Blood samples of CORT rats were collected before the stress application and at the 1 st , 7 th , 14 th , and 21 st days of the stress period, immediately after cessation of the stress application. There were no significant differences among groups for learning and behavior tests. Corticosterone levels of CORT rats were significantly higher after the stress period than before stress application. These results indicate that although chronic 100 dB WNS induces a stress response by increasing corticosterone levels, it does not affect cognitive functions and anxiety related behaviors of adult male offspring.
–676. 16 Salthouse TA. Theoretical perspectives on cognitive aging. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991. 17 Glisky EL. Changes in cognitive function in human aging. In: Riddle
–1092. [Hungarian] 4 Messerli FH. Chocolate consumption, cognitive function, and Nobel laureates. N Engl J Med. 2012; 367: 1562–1564. 5 List of Nobel laureates by country
name. A number of studies have investigated the relationship between hypoxia and cognitive function and demonstrated a negative effect [ 3–5 ]. For example, a systematic review by McMorris et al. [ 5 ] indicated that acute hypoxia (<60 mmHg for 10 min
. F. et al.: Type 2 diabetes, cognitive function and dementia: vascular and metabolic determinants. Drugs Today, 2006, 42 , 741–754. Haan E. H. F. Type 2 diabetes, cognitive
). Despite the high prevalence of hay fever, no study has so far assessed the effect of symptoms on cognitive functions and physical performance together. This study aims to investigate the acute allergic effects of allergic rhinitis on respiratory parameters
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to find a noninvasive way of detecting even smaller volume loss which is easier to carry out and possibly more precise than the currently used (mostly sphygmomanometer-based) methods. Haemodynamic and EEG measurements were carried out in simulated volume loss, involving blood donation and orthostatic challenges to assess adaptive responses and cognitive performance. Cognitive performance was assessed in an oddball task and changes of the evoked potential P300 were analyzed. Both haemodynamic and cognitive parameters were recorded in ‘pre-donation’ and ‘post-donation’ conditions for purposes of comparison. Results: Cognitive performance (as reflected by P300 changes) was found to be a poor marker of volume loss. Difference between the two conditions in none of the parameters reached the level of statistical significance (defined as p < 0.05) RR mean, baroreceptor sensitivity and pulse pressure were rather sensitive to the relatively mild volume loss (p < 0.01 between pre- and post-conditions). Conclusion: Our study indicates that traditional sphygmomanometerbased values can safely be replaced by values yielded by finger plethysmography, combined with brief orthostatic challenges and that P300 as a cognitive marker cannot be used to assess volume loss.
. F. és mtsa: Type 2 diabetes, cognitive function and dementia: vascular and metabolic determinants. Drugs of Today, 2006, 42 , 741–754. Haan E. H. F. Type 2 diabetes
