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jurisdictions has comprehensively addressed harmful gambling. The Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling ( Abbott et al., 2018a ), or “the Framework”, attempts to do so by addressing antecedents and factors associated with harmful gambling. The Framework was
Introduction The research methods are the means for obtaining and analyzing data ( Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill, 2016 , pp. xiv–74), where the conceptual framework “ is a critically important component of disciplined inquiry
to the selected projects. The campaign proves to be successful if it reaches the monetary goal in a specified timeframe. Our article gives a conceptual framework for understanding the success factors of crowdfunding campaigns based on a
. New York, NY : Oxford University Press , pp. 3 – 19 . Szántó , Z. O. ( 2018 ): Social Futuring – An Analytical Conceptual Framework . Society and Economy 40 ( S1
In this paper we attempt to define the concept of social futuring and classify it using multiple dimensions. Starting out with a minimal definition of the notion, we elaborate on the ideal-typical definition of social futuring based on the concepts of necessary and sufficient conditions. Thereafter, classifications of the different forms and types of social futuring are developed according to various features. A complex network of concepts is constructed to make the ambiguous notion more precise and to operationalize it with a view to the construction of a Social Futuring Index. We close our study in the hope that we have managed to illuminate and clarify the multi-layered concept of social futuring by creating an analytical framework which is in synergy with the normative foundations of the research.
The lack of systematic research on the assessment of patient payment policies emphasizes the need to evaluate the mechanisms of official patient charges. This paper aims to contribute to this research area by outlining a comprehensive framework for the assessment of patient payment policies, and by validating it on data for six CEE countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine). Three broad groups of assessment criteria are included in the framework: policy context, policy content and policy effects. Within each of these groups, several sub-groups of criteria are defined. Our application of the assessment framework to the six CEE countries shows its relevance for the comparison of patient payment policy across countries, and for outlining common policy options. At the same time, it also reveals the need of collecting data on other relevant indicators that are not included in this paper, as well as for updating indicators already included. Research on patient payments will be essential for a continuous monitoring of patient payment policies (e.g. those in CEE) and their prompt adjustment.
Релевантность понятий «гештальт», «фигура», «фон», «фокус» для анализа концептуальной области «кажимости»
The Relevance of the Concepts gestalt, figure, background, and focus for the Conceptual Framework Analysis of кажимость
The paper suggests the metacognitive representation of the conceptual framework of кажимость gestalt. The metacognitive representation is based on the inferential conclusions obtained by cognitive-discursive analysis of the functioning contexts of polysemous verbal predicates казаться, показаться. The Gestalt script includes native speakers’ experience conceptualized in the semantics of contexts. This experience can be presented by the following meta-utterances: The speaker knows that it is not possible to see an object being observed properly from afar, i.e. the first impression of it could turn out to be mistaken. The speaker also knows that it is possible to come closer to the object afterwards and observe it, i.e. to re-verify the results of perception empirically. This allows them to form a more complete idea / knowledge about the object. Subsequently, the speaker reflects on his first visual impression based on the received idea / knowledge, evaluates it as “true” or “false”. In addition, the speaker is aware that there are particular circumstances under which effect the visual images of objects in the real world are distorted and the recipient receives visual illusions.
In the paper, a cognitive Gestalt script was formed. Based on it, all contexts with the words казаться, показаться are built. Due to the dialectical combination of perceptual and epistemic modes, a single /unified Gestalt script consists of two parts. On the one hand, there is supposed to be a subject-experiencer as well as his perceptual act, the object he observes, the first, potentially erroneous /distorted image of the object. There should also be a potential opportunity to implement an act of reflexive verification of the first impression and establish the truth. On the other hand, there is supposed to be the subject as a bearer of knowledge, his knowledge of the distorted character of the subject-experiencer's perception as well as his knowledge of the inconsistency between the subject-experiencer's first impression and what exists in reality. In addition, there should be implicit / explicit awareness of the reasons that led to the distortion of the perception results.
The author demonstrates the integrity of the conceptual semantics of the Gestalt script. The correlation between the conceptual level and the level of language semantics is shown in a sketchy way in terms of figure, background, and focus. The author also describes focus shifts which underlie the construction of different contexts - background and figure.
Abstract
Toshiba, a broadly-based electric/electronics manufacturer, operates diversified businesses. A sophisticated research and technology management system supports those businesses based on a research and technology development (RTD) organization consisting of three layers: corporate, business group, and divisional laboratories. Evaluation of RTD projects is varied in accordance with their characteristics. To promote future inter-divisional business, the Corporate Incentive Program (CIP) funds corporate projects which are authorized and evaluated by the Corporate Technology Committee (CTC). In parallel, under the Corporate Strategic Program (CSP), committees monitor and evaluate specific, rapidly-advancing technologies so as to promote early acquisition and diffusion. Additionally, transnational strategic alliances (TSAs) are promoted on the basis of their merits and in accordance with Toshiba's corporate philosophy of Competition, Cooperation and Complementarity (CC&C). The corporate Research and Development Center (RDC) conducts pre- and intermediate evaluations as part of the Long- and Middle-range Planning every year. When new technologies are transferred to the business divisions, post-evaluation starts and future monetary impacts are estimated; subsequently actual monetary contributions are monitored annually. Another style of pre-evaluation can be observed at the RDC in the Exploratory Programs by the Young (EPY). First, some actual cases at Toshiba are introduced. Next, discussion is extended to the evaluation framework, the corporate technology model and RTD productivity. Also noted is the importance of recognizing that the consumer is the ultimate evaluator and that evaluation-quality is improved by feedback from the market. Concept creation and target clarification must come first; only then does the evaluation make sense.
, certain limitations need to be acknowledged. The epistemological-pedagogical perspective, and thus the concentration on a largely philosophical approach, is suitable for a conceptual framework that describes knowledge requirements. This is reasonable as
literature on interdisciplinarity and national disciplinary structures. Section 3 introduces a general conceptual framework to investigate the diversity within and the similarity among systems. It is indicated how this framework can be applied in
