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References [1]. R. Fratesi ( 2002 ). Galvanized reinforcing steel bars in concrete, COST 521Workshop, Luxemburg 2002
1 Introduction Humans have used concrete for thousands of years – its basic ingredients date back to ancient Egypt. Concrete is the most versatile and second most material used in the construction industry. Aggregates are important constituents of
the environment. The cement consumption can be decreased by including supplementary cementitious materials in concrete production and also in granular materials [ 1 ]. Concrete is mostly used in the construction of highways, dams, residential buildings
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J. M. Gaidis 1988 Mathematical Model for Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete Journal of the American Ceramic Society 71 9 776
application widely in concrete due to high specific surface area, which also improves the strength and durability of the concrete [ 44 ]. Apart from nano silica, many other materials, for instance, nano TiO 2 , nano Fe 2 O 3 , nano Al 2 O 3 , etc. are used as
Romualdi J. P., Batson, G. B. (1963), Tensile strength of concrete affected by uniformly distributed beams with closely spaced reinforcement. ACI Journal, 60(6, June), 775
. Fiber-reinforced cement composites . [2]. D. J. Hannant 1978 Fiber Cements and Fiber Concretes
.. Utilization possibilities of selected waste in the production of prefabricated elements, fresh concrete mixture and transport-concrete , Czech Republic, Silikatnik, 2010, (in Czech). Samuelcik K
Naaman A. E., Shah S. P. (1976), Pull-out mechanism in steel fibre reinforced concrete. Proceedings, ASCE, 102(ST8, Aug.), 1537–1558. Shah S. P. Pull-out mechanism in steel fibre