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B. Lai 2007 The consequences of compulsive sexual behavior: The preliminary reliability and validity of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Consequences Scale Journal of Sexual
30 51 Reid, R. C., Garos, S. & Fong, T. (2012). Psychometric development of the Hypersexual Behavior Consequences Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions , 1 (3), 115
qualitative inquiry into the motives, usage and consequences of Instagram use among emerging adults (see Romero, Van den Broucke, & Van Beggelaer, 2022 ). Similar approaches have been successfully implemented to develop scales for emerging online problematic
kidney damage ( 6 ). Some of the deleterious renal consequences of obesity may be mediated by downstream comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension, but there are also effects of adiposity which could impact the kidneys directly
]. The underlying cause of COPD is the inflammatory response to inhaled particles (eg. cigarette smoke, air pollution) which have a wide range of destructive consequences [ 3 ]. In that regard it is important that 31% of males and 23% of females in
citalopram is a consequence of 5-HT1 receptor stimulation during development. Brain Res., 2006, 1125 , 171–175. Paul I. A. Evidence that the deficit in sexual behavior in adult rats
Abstract
Background and aims
While the relationships between video game use and negative consequences are debated, the relationships between video game addiction and negative consequences are fairly well established. However, previous studies suffer from methodological weaknesses that may have caused biased results. There is need for further investigation that benefits from the use of methods that avoid omitted variable bias.
Methods
Two wave panel data was used from two surveys of 1,928 Norwegian adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. The surveys included measures of video game use, video game addiction, depression, heavy episodic drinking, academic achievement, and conduct problems. The data was analyzed using first-differencing, a regression method that is unbiased by time invariant individual factors.
Results
Video game addiction was related to depression, lower academic achievement, and conduct problems, but time spent on video games was not related to any of the studied negative outcomes.
Discussion
The findings were in line with a growing number of studies that have failed to find relationships between time spent on video games and negative outcomes. The current study is also consistent with previous studies in that video game addiction was related to other negative outcomes, but it made the added contribution that the relationships are unbiased by time invariant individual effects. However, future research should aim at establishing the temporal order of the supposed causal effects.
Conclusions
Spending time playing video games does not involve negative consequences, but adolescents who experience problems related to video games are likely to also experience problems in other facets of life.
1 Introduction Global climate change and the consequences of global warming are a much-discussed and also controversial topic. Environmentalists and activists point to the growing amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and mention the
. Assessment of consequences for nuclear power plant Paks , Transaction of 23rd Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology , SMiRT-23, Manchester, United Kingdom, 10-14 August 2015 , Division VII, Paper ID 125. [19
levels of the real hormones ( 16 ). In this case, faulty imprinting develops with lifelong consequences. These maybe alterations in the binding capacity of the receptors, which may result in an altered reaction of the cell to the hormone. This can be
