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The quality of potato tubers and their chemical composition are influenced by genetics as well as the soil fertility, weather conditions, the soil profile, and the chemical treatments that are applied. This field study on potato cultivation methods was conducted near Wrocław (Lower Silesia), Poland. The variables used in the study included the potato cultivar [Asterix, Pirol (medium-to-early maturing varieties) and Syrena (medium-to-late maturing variety)] and the potato cultivation technology (organic, integrated and conventional). The experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2007.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ecological (organic), integrated and conventional cultivation methods on the nitrate and glycoalkaloid content of potato tubers. The cultivation method was determined to have a significant effect on the toxic compound concentrations in the potato tubers. The lowest glycoalkaloid and nitrate (NO3 −) concentrations occurred in the potato tubers from the ecological plots. Mineral fertilization, especially the high N rates that were used in the conventional potato cultivation method, increased the glycoalkaloid content by 76% and the nitrate (NO3 −) content by 25%, as compared to the potato tubers from the ecological plots. Mineral fertilization in the integrated and conventional systems increased the chaconine content of potato tubers by 22%, as compared to the samples from the ecological plots, whereas the solanine content was the lowest in the potato samples collected from the plots cultivated in a conventional manner.
Water samples of ten mineral water springs at Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda) region (Romania) were examined during 2005–2006 using cultivation-dependent microbiological methods. The results of standard hygienic bacteriological tests showed that the Hargita Spring had perfect and five other springs had microbiologically acceptable water quality (Zsögöd-, Nagy-borvíz-, Taploca-, Szentegyháza- and Lobogó springs). The water of Borsáros Spring was exceptionable (high germ count, presence of Enterococcus spp.).Both standard bacteriological and molecular microbiological methods indicated that the microbiological water quality of the Szeltersz-, Nádasszék- and Délő springs was not acceptable. Bad water quality resulted from inadequate spring catchment and hygiene (low yield, lack of runoff, negligent usage of the springs, horse manure around the spring).The 16S rRNA gene-based identification of strains isolated on standard meat-peptone medium resulted in the detection of typical aquatic organisms such as Shewanella baltica, Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas veronii, Psychrobacter sp,. Acinetobacter spp. and allochthonous microbes, like Nocardia, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Microbacterium , and Arthrobacter strains indicating the impact of soil. Other allochthonous microbes, such as Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus sp., Lactococcus sp., Clostridium butyricum, Yersinia spp., Aerococcus sp., may have originated from animal/human sources.
Lake Hévíz is the largest natural warm water lake of Europe. The curative mud of the lake comprises volcanic and marsh components although their species composition is hardly known yet. The aim of the present study was to gain information about the distribution and species diversity of bacterial communities inhabiting the sediment of Lake Hévíz using cultivation-based and molecular cloning methods. Samples from two depths and locations were taken in 2004 and 2007. Representatives of the altogether 255 bacterial isolates were affiliated with the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The most abundant groups belonged to the genus Bacillus (Firmicutes). Many of Lake Hévíz isolates showed the highest sequence similarity to bacteria known to be plant associated or members of normal human microbiota as well as participating in decomposition of highly resistant organic materials. In the three clone libraries, phylotypes belonging to altogether different phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Deferribacteres, Nitrospirae, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia) were revealed from which members of Gammaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria proved to be the most abundant. Regardless of the sampling times and methodology used, high spatial heterogeneities of bacterial community structures were characteristic of the sediment of Lake Hévíz.
Because of the selectivity of the commonly used media it is very difficult to cultivate bacteria inhabiting ultrapure waters under laboratory conditions. In this study 5 new media (synthetic and complex) were developed to reveal bacterial community of the ultrapure water originated from the water purification system of a Hungarian power plant which was studied already with using traditional media. Composition of the new media tends to reproduce the nutrient deficient conditions of the investigated water, therefore media were highly oligotrophic. Altogether 122 bacterial strains were isolated from the 5 different media. Based on ARDRA grouping 27 strains were chosen for the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that the applied media strongly influence the composition of the cultivable bacterial community. A larger scale of α-Proteobacteria (Mesorhizobium spp., Ancylobacter sp., Methylobacterium sp.) and many Actinobacteria (Leifsonia sp., Microbacterium spp., Mycobacterium spp.) could be isolated from the same ultrapure water system than with any other cultivation methods or media applied before. Moreover, two novel bacterial taxa could be isolated from the studied water purification system.
.. 2002. Weed infestation of agricultural areas. In: Pollution Processes in Agri-Environment. (Ed.: Láng, I. ) 163–177. Akaprint. Budapest. Farkas I.-né, 2004. Possibilities of land use and soil cultivation in
): Gerbera . In: Sustainable Crop Protection under Protected Cultivation . Springer , Singapore , pp. 355 – 362 . Schmelzer , K . ( 1966 ): Das Tabakmauche-Virus ( Tobacco rattle virus ) on Gerbera jamesonii Bolus . Archiv für Gartenbau , 14 , 89
possibilities of its cultivation in Poland). Grassland Science in Poland , 9 , 101–112. Jakubowski M. Właściwości biologiczne i chemiczne Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Pers. w aspekcie
160 119 130 Zhang, S.F., Ma, T.L. 1994. Yield components and cultivation technology of corn with high grain yield through plastic film cover in west
Ultrapure waters (UPWs) containing low levels of organic and inorganic compounds provide extreme environment. On contrary to that microbes occur in such waters and form biofilms on surfaces, thus may induce corrosion processes in many industrial applications. In our study, refined saltless water (UPW) produced for the boiler of a Hungarian power plant was examined before and after storage (sampling the inlet [TKE] and outlet [TKU] waters of a storage tank) with cultivation and culture independent methods. Our results showed increased CFU and direct cell counts after the storage. Cultivation results showed the dominance of aerobic, chemoorganotrophic α-Proteobacteria in both samples. In case of TKU sample, a more complex bacterial community structure could be detected. The applied molecular method (T-RFLP) indicated the presence of a complex microbial community structure with changes in the taxon composition: while in the inlet water sample (TKE) α-Proteobacteria (Sphingomonas sp., Novosphingobium hassiacum) dominated, in the outlet water sample (TKU) the bacterial community shifted towards the dominance of α-Proteobacteria (Rhodoferax sp., Polynucleobacter sp., Sterolibacter sp.), CFB (Bacteroidetes, formerly Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group) and Firmicutes. This shift to the direction of fermentative communities suggests that storage could help the development of communities with an increased tendency toward corrosion.
