Search Results
Summary
The problem of covering a circle, a square or a regular triangle with
Abstract
gynecological disorders. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was performed in MS patients, and the rating intensity for scores ranged from 0 (no disability) to 10 (maximum disability) [ 17 ]. The sizes of the third ventricle diameter (TVD) and pituitary
Purpose:To investigate the potential in vivoinfluence of different topical glaucoma medications on the diameter of the retinal arterioles of healthy volunteers and glaucoma patients. Methods:The diameter of one pre-selected retinal arteriole per eye was measured using the Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA), an instrument developed for non-invasive clinical measurement of the diameter of the main retinal vessels. The instrument contains a video system, and the integrated software recognises the boundaries of the retinal vessels by detecting their light-transmission profile. The vessel diameter (in arbitrary units) is plotted against time (seconds) on a separate display screen. In Study Ithe vessel diameter was measured in 12 eyes of six healthy volunteers (age 21–26 years, mean age 24.0 years) on six occasions each separated by 14 days. In a double-masked fashion, each subject's right eye was treated with one of 5 glaucoma medications (brinzolamide 1%, timolol 0.5%, betaxolol 0.5%, brimonidine 0.2% or latanoprost 0.005%) and the left eye always received balanced salt solution. In Study II, one randomly selected eye of 16patients (age 50–79 years, mean age 65.2 years) suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma controlled with topical monotherapy was investigated, in an unmasked fashion. Four patients were on betaxolol 0.5% treatment, sixsubjects were receiving non-selective topical beta receptor blockers and six subjects were being treated with once daily latanoprost 0.005%. Results: The coefficient of variation for the arteriole diameter in the healthy volunteers was less than 12% in each case. No significant post-treatment change of the diameter of the pre-selected arteriole was found for any topical medication investigated, either in the healthy volunteers (Study I)or in the patients suffering from glaucoma (Study II)(p?0.05, paired t-test). In addition, in Study Ino difference was observed in the alteration of the arteriole diameter between the baseline and the hour 2 measurements when the values from the drug-treated and placebo treated eyes were compared (p?0.05, two-way ANOVA). Conclusion:In the present investigations it was not possible to detect any statistically meaningful change of the arteriole diameter at two hours after the instillation of any of several topical antiglaucoma drugs widely used in clinical practice. Further investigations are necessary to clarify whether the lack of observed change is due to the lack of retinal vascular effects of the drugs investigated, or is due to an inability of the RVA instrument in practice to detect alterations between time-points separated by several hours.
In this note we introduce a pseudometric on closed convex planar curves based on distances between normal lines and show its basic properties. Then we use this pseudometric to give a shorter proof of the theorem by Pinchasi that the sum of perimeters of 𝑘 convex planar bodies with disjoint interiors contained in a convex body of perimeter 𝑝 and diameter 𝑑 is not greater than 𝑝 + 2(𝑘 − 1)𝑑.
Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) is a typical deciduous tree of South European distributioin reaching the northern border of its range in the Carpathian Basin. The correlation between age and basal diameter of this tree was analysed in three ecologically contrasting habitats, as follows. (1) Succesional habitat. Abandonedframland with scattered occurrence of manna ash as a colonisong tree of this area. (2) Austrian pine plantation, where manna ash often forms a spontaneous subordinate tree or shrub layer. (3) Cotino-Quercetum pubescentis, the naturla vegetation on south facing calcareous hillslopes in Hungary, where Quercus pubescenes Willd. and Fraxinus ornus codominate in the low canopy. At each sampling site 21 individuals were selected with an even distribution within circumference categories ranging from 6cm to 60cm. Circumference measurements were made at the base of the trunk, or cores were taken by a driller. Linear regression analysis was applied to test the correlation between age and diameter.
Movement and abstraction of groundwater in the geological formations are dependent on the hydro-geological parameters of the aquifers. The purpose of any aquifer test is to determine the hydro-geological parameters. Among the basic parameters are the specific storage, permeability and leakage coefficients. The hydro-geological parameters are hidden in the field test data and their identification is possible using the available physically plausible models suitable for the prevailing field circumstances. In this context, a generalized theoretical solution for the effect of partial penetration superimposed over the full penetration on draw-down in a large-diameter well in artesian aquifer discharging at a constant rate has been presented for non-dimensional quantities describing the variable geometries of wells. The well-function curves are developed by varying the percentage amount of drilling and the percentage amount of casing lowered which then control to vary the percentage amount of open-hole or screened interval for the three categories: when the diameter of the cased interval in which the water level changes is greater than, equal to, and less than the diameter of the open interval. The skin effect and the effect of leakage are neglected. A comparison of results with the published works has also been presented. The present study is useful in such areas where wells are located either in harder or in collapsible loose formations; and a decision is required that, at the planning, construction, or development stage, as to what extent the amount of drilling be reduced, and/or an additional amount of casing be lowered within the aquifer. Also this reduces the cost of well construction and development in a specific situation.
Abstract
A portable in-situ x-ray fluorescence analytical system that uses an x-ray tube excitation source and a cooled Si(Li) spectrometer for detecting characteristic emission x rays has been developed for use in small-diameter wells and boreholes. The 15-watt, iron-anode x-ray tube operates up to 30 kV. Three wells at the Sandia National Laboratory Chemical Waste Landfill, lined with 76 
thick polyethylene, were logged specifically for Cr contamination. Detection limits below 50 ppm were achieved with counting intervals of 600 seconds and with the Si(Li) detector operating at 450-eV resolution (full width at half maximum [FWHM] for the Mn K-alpha x ray).
Transabdominal ultrasonography has been shown to be a useful and reliable method for assessing fetal well-being in horses and cattle. To test the applicability of fetal aortic diameter measurement in cattle, 44 late-term pregnant cows and heifers were examined 21 to 0 days prior to calving. Mean fetal aortic diameter was 2.07 ± 0.14 cm and mean fetal heart rate (FHR) was 109 ± 17 bpm. Three dead calves were dissected and their aortic diameter was measured in a water bath. The mean birth weight (n = 44) was 39.9 ± 5.8 kg. There was a significant negative correlation between FHR and fetal aortic diameter. However, although some studies have shown that fetal aortic diameter strongly correlates with birth weight in near-term horses and cattle, in this study there was no correlation between fetal aortic diameter and birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers irrespective of whether the fetus was born alive or dead.
