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Abstract
The effect of emulsion process formulation ingredients on the morphology, structure, and properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder has been considered in this study. PVC powder was extracted with ethanol and films were obtained by solvent casting from tetrahydrofurane. Characterization of powders, films, and ethanol extract was performed through FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, AFM, SEM, EDX analysis, methylene blue, and nitrogen adsorption. PVC powder was composed of spheres of a large particle size range from 10 nm to 20 μm as shown by SEM. The specific surface area of the PVC powder was determined as 16 and 12 m2 g−1 from methylene blue adsorption at 25 °C and from N2 adsorption at −196 °C, respectively. AFM indicated the surface roughness of the films obtained by pressing the particles was 25.9 nm. Density of PVC powder was determined by helium pycnometry as 1.39 g cm−3. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that it contained carbonyl and carboxylate groups belonging to additives such as surface active agents, plasticizers, and antioxidants used in production of PVC. These additives were 1.6% in mass of PVC as determined by ethanol extraction. EDX analysis showed PVC particles surfaces were coated with carbon-rich materials. The coatings had plasticizer effect since, glass transition temperature was lower than 25 °C for PVC powder and it was 80 °C for ethanol extracted powders as found by using differential scanning calorimetry. These additives from polymerization process made PVC powder more thermally stable as understood from Metrom PVC thermomat tests as well.
Abstract
Copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylene were prepared by emulsion polymerization using ammonium persulphate and sodium metabisulphite as initiators in presence of cyclohexane. Several copolymer samples were prepared by changing initial pressure of ethylene from 100 to 250 psi. The copolymer composition was determined by 1H-NMR and thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere.
concerning about ABS-co- N-PTMI ( N -p-tolylmaleimide). In this article, heat resistance ABS resin was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of N-PTMI, butadiene-Styrene latex (SB), AN and St. The thermal properties and the molecular mass of the
Abstract
Open-celled polymeric foam monoliths prepared by high internal phase emulsion polymerization (HIPE) are being investigated as improved materials for separation of heavy metals. In column flow studies, the foam monoliths have high flow rates and are durable up to at least 40 psi. A 4-vinylpyridine functionality has been incorporated into vinylbenzylchloride/styrene copolymer foams by graft-polymerization of vinylpyridine. The open structure of the foam and the flexible graft-polymerized ion-exchange chains result in improved kinetics in metal uptake. Iron uptake kinetics were greatly increased in the grafted foams over resin beads of similar structure. Plutonium uptake kinetics were moderately increased in the foams.
Abstract
Poly(AN—co—St) (PAS) and poly(AN—St—MMA)(PASM) were synthetized by emulsion polymerisation. The glass transition temperatures (T g) of the copolymers and the relationship between T g and the components of the copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that T g for the AN—St bipolymers has apeak value in the range 115–118°C at a content of 50 mass% St. When methyl methacrylate was added, the T g of the terpolymer was decreased by about 2–6°C.The thermostability and the activation energy E of degradation were determined by thermogravimetric analysis.
Abstract
Poly(dimethylbutadiene) (PDMB) was synthesized through the inclusion polymerization technique, by γ-irradiation of a clathrate of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene in deoxycholic acid (DOCA) at 75, 150, 320 and 430 kGy. The resulting inclusion complexes PDMB@DOCA were studied by FTIR spectroscopy and by thermal analysis (DTA, TGA and DTG). Pure PDMB was isolated by extracting the complex PDMB@DOCA with ethanol. The best sample in terms of purity was that prepared at 75 kGy, while the other samples prepared at higher doses suffered of DOCA grafting on PDMB chains. Pure PDMB isolated from PDMB@DOCA complex was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy and by thermal analysis in comparison to a reference highly crystalline and ≈=100% trans-1,4-PDMB prepared by inclusion polymerization in thiourea and in comparison to PDMB prepared by emulsion polymerization. A lower degree of regularity and crystallinity has been found on the PDMB sample prepared as inclusion compound in DOCA in comparison to the reference PDMB obtained by inclusion polymerization in thiourea.
intensive processing, water-based systems are becoming popular. Advances in emulsion polymerization techniques have enabled the development of new fluoropolymer-based waterborne emulsions to meet the current needs of exterior architectural coatings. The new
-ZnO/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite microsphere through emulsion polymerization and its UV-shielding property . Colloid Polym Sci . 2006 ; 284 : 422 – 428 . 10.1007/s00396-005-1389-z . 4. Wang , H , Peng
. Xiong , G. Liu , Y. Chen , H. Ma Lab on a Chip 2011 , 11 , 929 – 935 . “ Feasibility of tubular microreactors for emulsion polymerization ” A. K. Yadav , J. C. de la Cal , M. J. Barandiaran* Macromolecular Reaction
Lovell MS El-Aasser eds. Emulsion polymerization and emulsion polymers John Wiley and Sons New York 386 – 436 . 38. Franks
