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Preserving functional compounds of food and fruits is a must. Loading different compounds in a contiguous capsule is known as encapsulation. The benefits of encapsulation include reducing the rate of environmental conversion, facilitating transport
consumption and their bioavailabilities in the gastrointestinal digestion (pH, enzymes, other components) decrease. For this purpose, today, various encapsulation techniques provide stabilisation of phenolic compounds ( Munin and Edwards-Levy, 2011 ). In this
The aim was to examine conditions of convective drying and spray-drying to improve preservation of lycopene content in tomatoes. The weight, size, colour, pH and °Brix values were evaluated in fresh fruit (FF) and colour (L, a, b), hue, and chrome indices were analysed from dried tomatoes, too. Tomato paste was dried (40, 50, 60, and 80 °C with times of 540, 390, 270, and 240 min) under convection conditions and pulverized. In the encapsulation treatments core material with tomato powders of 50, 60, and 70%, shell solution of maltodextrin/gum arabic 1:1, flow rate of 4, 6, 9, and 12 ml min–1, and inlet air T of 160, 170, and 180 °C were used. The physicochemical properties of FF corresponded to a degree of ripeness for consumption. The a, a/b, and hue values of dried tomatoes at 50 °C significantly correlated to red colouring and higher lycopene content (47.98±1.49 mg/100 g). The encapsulation with 50% and 60% of tomato powders, 170 °C and 9 ml min–1 treatments increased lycopene contents to 10.41 mg/100 g, 10.20 mg/100 g, and 11.51 mg/100 g, respectively. The results demonstrated that the physicochemical and functional properties were influenced by drying conditions, providing useful information for increasing the stability of lycopene in dried tomatoes.
585 592 Ahmad, N., Anis, M. (2010) Direct plant regeneration from encapsulated nodal segments of Vitex negundo . Biol. Plant. 54, 748
prepare acceptable aseptic liposomal drugs with desirable properties, high encapsulation efficiency, and long-term stability without drug leakage and loss [ 3 ]. When liposomes are used as drug carriers, their size is of major importance, since this
Abstract
The properties of a metallofullerene that encapsulates 225Ac were studied by radio-chromatographic methods. The results of chromatography on a Buckyclutcher column suggest that there are some metallofullerene isomers of AcC82. The identical HPLC retention time of the major AcC82 peak with that of La@C82 indicates that the structure of one of the AcC82 isomers is the same as La@C82.
In this study, limonene was encapsulated by using gelatine, Na-alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, lactalbumin or xanthan gum with the uniaxial electrospinning process. The highest encapsulation efficiency was obtained for the sample containing polyvinyl alcohol. The release kinetic studies of nanofibre encapsulated limonene were carried out at 5.5, 20, and 38.5 °C. The Peppas equation expressed the release behavior of limonene for all systems very well, indicating quasi-Fickian diffusion. The modelling data suggested that maybe more than one mechanism was involved for the release at 20 °C. The activation energy for releasing limonene from the electrospun polyvinyl alcohol-alginate encapsulation system was found to be 6.2 kJ mol–1 from the Arrhenius equation.
Hydrolytic parameters were tested to prepare casein hydrolysates with high oligopeptide content for dietetic purpose, using papain. Employing a temperature of 37 °C and an E:S ratio of 2% was the most economical condition for large-scale manufacture. The encapsulation in liposomes was used for masking the bitterness, and was also able to reduce the hydrophobicity as well as to keep the chemical stability during 60 days of storage. The UV spectrometry with second derivative transformation was used to measure the encapsulation rate, which changed from 56% to 62%. The size distribution of vesicles was in the range of 500 to 1000 nm.
Massive, nearly monodisperse, true microencapsulation of a wide variety of active ingredients within biocompatible shells can be achieved using flow focusing at moderate-high Reynolds numbers, a paradigmatic tool for highly controlled flow chemistry processes whose flexibility and physical aspects are briefly illustrated here. We show that the natural, regular capillary breakup of a laminar high-speed microjet produced by gentle mechanical means alone allows the production of true microcapsules with controlled dimensions. The process versatility is shown in a variety of examples including encapsulation of different materials as proteins and/or microorganisms in biocompatible polymers as poly-l-glutamic acid (PLGA). Microcapsules produced show nearly homogeneous size, well-centered core, and their size and structure are well predicted by simple theoretical models.
Abstract
Hypocrellins, natural photosensitizers including hypocrellin A (HA) and hypocrellin B (HB), have been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine to cure various skin diseases. Hypocrellins have excellent antiviral activity, which can inhibit the growth of human immunodeficiency virus. They also exhibit significant light-induced antitumor property. In this article, thermal analysis technologies (e.g., differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry) are employed to characterize whether the photosensitive hypocrellin A could be encapsulated with silica nanoparticle (SN) material or not, and evaluate the stability of inclusion complex. The results show that the inclusion complex exhibits improved performance in both stability and hydrophilicity than natural hypocrellin A. Fluorescence spectrophotometry studies have also been performed to verify the thermal analysis results. The results suggest that the thermal analysis technology could be used as an effective and rapid tool to characterize the encapsulation properties of the novel anticancer HA–SN complex.
