Search Results
multifaceted Rasch measurement (e.g., Han, 2017 ; Wu, Liu, & Liao, 2013 ; Zhao & Dong, 2013 ). However, little research has been done on the effects of topic familiarity on information completeness, fluency of delivery, and target language quality
Recent research on the reception of interlingual subtitling revealed that it is cognitively effective: watching a subtitled film results in a good understanding of the film content, it does not require a significant tradeoff between image processing and text processing, and it leads to a good performance in the recognition of the words and expressions contained in the subtitles. To date, the studies that revealed the effectiveness of subtitle processing have been conducted mono-nationally — e.g. d’Ydewalle and De Bruycker (2007) in Belgium; Wissmath et al. (2009) in Switzerland; Perego et al. (2010, 2015) in Italy; Hinkin et al. (2014) in the US. However, it has not yet been demonstrated empirically whether subtitle effectiveness varies depending on the familiarity of viewers with subtitles. The cross-national study described in this paper aims to fill this gap and appraise the cognitive performance and overall appreciation of a moderately complex subtitled film by viewers with different degrees of familiarity with subtitles, i.e., viewers living in countries (Italy, Spain, Poland and Dutch-speaking Belgium) with different audiovisual translation traditions. The main findings reveal that subtitling is effective irrespective of users’ familiarity with it, although it is not enjoyed equally among the tested populations.
Abstract
This paper initiates an exploration into contemporary Greek literature for young adults and more specifically, literary texts with a social dimension. Contemporary Greek writers deliberately address social issues in a realistic manner by presenting all the different facets of Alterity: xenophobia, ethnocentrism, racism. Today these narratives pose new questions and attempt to familiarize the young public with an image of the Other, the Foreigner, the Different. The writers focus on the positive aspects of multiculturalism in contemporary societies in hopes of discrediting stereotypical images of the Other that continue to prevail in the collective imagination, to sensitize the public and ultimately to abolish the fault lines of bigotry.
Das anekdotische Erzählen als moderne poetische Form im Kontext der tschechischen und der ungarischen Literatur
Anecdotal Narrative as a Modern Poetic Form in the Context of Czech and Hungarian Literature
Die Anekdote wird durch den in der Literaturwissenschaft entstandenen Konsens als eine Gattung angesehen, die im 20. Jahrhundert endgültig veraltet ist. In meinem Beitrag möchte ich am Beispiel von Bohumil Hrabal und Péter Esterházy zeigen, auf welche Weise sich die anekdotische Tradition in der tschechischen und der ungarischen Literatur auch in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts sowie im ersten Jahrzehnt des 21. Jahrhunderts als auch weiterhin fortsetzbar erwies. Die Erzählweise von Jaroslav Hašek auf das Lebenswerk von Bohumil Hrabal eine bedeutende Wirkung ausgeübt hat. Inwieweit erneuert Hrabal diese anekdotische Tradition?
Hinsichtlich der Betrachtungsweise ist ein wesentlicher Unterschied, dass Hrabals Texte mit Vorliebe über die im allgemeinen Sinne genommene existenzielle Situation des Menschen reflektieren. Man kann kaum bezweifeln, dass sich hinter der ausgelassenen Heiterkeit und der gesteigerten Lebensfreude in den Werken Hrabals immer die durch das Bewusstsein der Endlichkeit ausgelöste Beklemmung abzeichnet. Das anekdotische Erzählen wird in diesem Kontext zum Ausdruck des dionysischen ekstatischen Rausches. Auf die Deutung der Existenz auch die existentialistische Philosophie eine Wirkung ausgeübt hat, doch zugleich antworten die Werke Hrabals nicht mit einem hoffnungslosen Heroismus auf das Gefühl der Ziellosigkeit des Seins, sondern mit einer exzessiven, beinahe verzweifelten Lebensfreude.
Péter Esterházy hat ebenfalls eine Anregung aus der anekdotischen Tradition geschöpft. Kálmán Mikszáth und noch mehr die anekdotische Erzählweise des 19. Jahrhunderts mit seinem Werk Kornél Esti neu inter-pretierenden Kosztolányi stellten für ihn die wichtigste Anregung dar. Kosztolányi hat die ungarische anekdotische Erzähltradition dadurch umgeformt, dass er die anekdotische Oralität mit der plaudernden Art der Gattung des Feuilletons verband. Dank dieser Verbindung erhielt die anekdotische Sprechweise so eine Art intellektuelle Schichtung, dass sie dabei auch ihren unterhaltenden Charakter behielt. Diese spielerisch ernste Sprechweise konnten aus dem Grund auf die postmoderne Prosa von Esterházy eine anregende Wirkung ausüben, da sie eine Möglichkeit zur Verwirklichung des spielerischen Crossovers der Register und Gattungen bot, beziehungsweise den durch den postmodernen Geschmack derart bevorzugten selbstreflexiven Verfahren des literarischen Textes einen Raum eröffnete. Auf dem Gebiet des Abbaus der Großerzählung betrachtet Ein Produktionsroman die Poetik von James Joyce als das zu befolgende Beispiel, so hatte die Neudeutung der traditionellen Form eine Art neoavantgarder narrativen Invention zum Ergebnis.
A consensus has emerged in literary studies that the anecdote is a genre that finally became obsolete in the 20th century. In my contribution, I would like to show, using the examples of Bohumil Hrabal and Péter Esterházy, how the anecdotal tradition can be proven to have continued in the second half of the 20th century and in the first decade of the 21st century and beyond in Czech and Hungarian literature. Jaroslav Hašek’s storytelling had a significant impact on Bohumil Hrabal’s oeuvre. To what extent did Hrabal renew this anecdotal tradition?
In terms of approach, a key difference is that Hrabal’s texts tend to reflect on the existential situation of people in a general sense. One can hardly doubt that the anxiety triggered by the awareness of finiteness is always behind the exuberant cheerfulness and elevated joie de vivre in Hrabal’s works. In this context, anecdotal narration becomes an expression of Dionysian ecstatic intoxication. Existentialist philosophy also had an effect on the interpretation of existence, however, Hrabal’s works do not respond to the feeling of the aimlessness of being with hopeless heroism but with an excessive, almost desperate joie de vivre.
Péter Esterházy was also inspired by the anecdotal tradition. Kálmán Mikszáth and particularly the storytelling style of Kosztolányi were his most important inspirations. Kosztolányi reinterpreted the anecdotism of the 19th century in his work Kornél Esti and transformed Hungarian anecdotal storytelling tradition by combining anecdotal orality with the chatty nature of the feuilleton genre. Thanks to this combination, the anecdotal language received an intellectual layering while also retaining its entertaining character. This playfully serious manner of speaking had a stimulating effect on Esterházy’s postmodern prose because it offered an opportunity to realize the playful crossover of registers and genres as well as opened up space for the self-reflective methods of literary texts favoured by postmodern taste. In the context of the destruction of the grand narratives, Esterházy’s A Production Novel, following the example of James Joyce’s poetics, reinterpreted the traditional form of anecdote in the spirit of the neo-avant-garde.
out ambient sound. After the experimental tasks, participants rated the valence and the familiarity of the words and the pictures used in the tasks on two 9-point scales, ranging from 1 (very unpleasant) to 9 (very pleasant) and 1 (very unfamiliar
Abstract
We describe the steps involved in constructing authors" citation identities (whom they cite) and citation images (who cites them). Familiarity with the intellectual, social, and institutional connections of these authors over time helps inform the analysis and augment the specificity of citation counts. Our study shows that authors" writing and referencing styles constitute a form of watermark for their scholarly output.
. Ebersbach , M. , Luwel , K. , Frick , A. , Onghena , P. , Verschaffel , L. ( 2008 ): The relationship between the shape of the mental number line and familiarity with numbers in 5- to 9-year old children: Evidence for a segmented linear model
The Islamic polemical tract Kitāb Masālik al-Naẓar reveals much about its author, the Jewish apostate Sa‘īd b. Ḥasan. Sa‘īd plunges into diverse polemic themes, including some with which he is poorly acquainted, and uses sources from all three Abrahamic faiths, showing greater familiarity with Jewish sources than with the Qur’ān. The discussion explores Sa‘īd’s treatment of various issues in Muslim-Jewish polemics through the prism of his important polemical tract, Masālik al-Naẓar, and takes one of the first steps toward lifting Sa‘īd out of his undeserved obscurity in scholarship.
The aim of the paper is to give an overview of the history of knowledge on asthma from the Renaissance till the beginning of the 20 th century. During this period the clinical picture of bronchial asthma and some etiological factors - like familiarity of the disease, the role of the pollen, psychological factors - were cleared. The disease was relatively rare in these periods - the epidemiological explosion came only in the second half of the 20 th century. Data on pediatric asthma, before all in Hungary are demonstrated mostly based on the works of Schoepf and Bókai senior in the first half of the 19 th century.
The organization of conversations with respect to turn-taking and back-channeling is a well-established field of research. Suprasegmental features governing these phenomena have been analyzed regarding both speech production and perception. The present study aims to analyze an interpersonal factor, the process of familiarization and the nature of relationship of the speakers and its effects on the properties of turn-taking and back-channeling. The reasons and temporal organization of turn-taking and back-channeling were analyzed in the initial and final parts of three-member conversations of Hungarian speakers of diverse relationships. The patterns of reasons, the forms of turn-taking and the occurrence of back-channeling turned out to show particular effects of the relationship/familiarity of the speakers.
