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Gyürüs, E., Green, A., Patterson, C. C. és mtsa: Dynamic changes in the trends in incidence of type 1 diabetes in children in Hungary (1978–98). Pediatr. Diabetes, 2002, 3 , 194
Belicza, E., Jánosi, A.: Study of incidence and treatment of acute myocardial infarction by evaluating the financing database: 2004–2009. [A heveny szívinfarktus előfordulásának és ellátásának vizsgálata a finanszírozási adatbázis elemzésével: 2004
): Factors influencing the type and incidence of mastitis in Swedish cattle. Acta Vet. Scand. 3 , 13-32. Factors influencing the type and incidence of mastitis in Swedish cattle Acta Vet. Scand
Cochliobolus sativus, the causal agent of common root rot (CRR), is a devastating fungal pathogen of barley that can cause significant yield losses worldwide. The development of resistant cultivars has proven difficult, therefore, in this work, CRR-resistant barley germplasm was developed by crossing three resistant-by-susceptible cultivars currently used in Europe and West Asia. Following greenhouse evaluations of 150 doubled haploid lines derived from these crosses, 40 lines were evaluated under artificial infection conditions using incidence and severity parameters during two consecutive seasons. Data showed significant differences among barley lines with a continuum of resistance levels ranging from highly susceptible to resistant which were consistent in both seasons. However, five promising lines had slightly lower CRR disease than the others. Additionally, significant differences (P <0.05) in mean incidence and severity values were found among lines, with values being consistently higher in the susceptible ones. However, CRR severity increased linearly as incidence increased in both seasons. All together, the present study suggests that, the newly identified resistance lines can serve as potential donors for ongoing CRR resistance breeding program to generate high-yielding commercial barley cultivars, and that the positive correlation between CRR parameters I and S may be beneficial for many types of studies on this disease.
Treated mastitis episodes at large Hungarian dairy farms were studied to determine the distribution of mastitis treated with antibiotics among quarters of the udder. Data were detailed records of all mastitis episodes that occurred during 1976 lactations in Farm A infected with Staphylococcus aureus (from May 1995 through July 1998) and 808 lactations in Farm B free from S. aureus (from January 1999 through March 2001). The distribution of treated quarters was compared with mathematical expectations based upon a random distribution in the case of Farm A. Results on mastitis incidences for different lactation stage groups showed an increasing incidence within subsequent lactation stage groups in Farm A. In contrast, in Farm B the mastitis incidence for lactation stage group between 35 and 100 days was the highest, but beyond 100 days the incidence decreased and reached the lowest value. Results gave strong evidence that the four quarters within the udder are not distributed randomly with respect to naturally occurring episodes of treated mastitis. More episodes than expected occurred in which only one or all four quarters were treated. Fewer episodes than expected with two or three treated quarters were observed. In both farms, the mastitis rate for rear quarters was higher than for front quarters, and the incidence of right quarter mastitis episodes was higher than that of left quarter mastitis episodes.
A myocardialis infarctus miatt kórházban kezelt betegek ellátásáról, korai és késői prognózisáról eddig nem jelent meg átfogó hazai közlemény. Célkitűzés: Az infarktus miatt kezelt betegek ellátási módjának, a betegek prognózisának vizsgálata. Módszer: A szerzők hat év (2004–2009) finanszírozási adatbázisának elemzésével vizsgálják a kórházban kezelt infarktusos betegek számát, a kezelés során elvégzett katéteres érmegnyitás gyakoriságát, valamint a betegek 30 és 365 napos halálozását. Eredmények: Megállapítják, hogy a vizsgált időszakban a kórházban kezelt infarktusos betegek száma lényegében nem változott (körülbelül 16 500 beteg/év). A kórházi esetek alapján számított incidenciaérték a férfiak esetén minden korcsoportban magasabb, mint a nőknél, a különbség az idősebb korcsoportok esetén csökken. A megfigyelési idő alatt a 30 és a 365 napos halálozás 1,8%-kal csökkent (18,9% vs. 17,1%, illetve 29,9% vs. 28,1%), ami a 70 évnél idősebb betegpopuláció halálozásának csökkenéséből adódik. A vizsgált időszakban az infarktus kezelése során végzett katéteres érmegnyitások lényegesen gyakoribbá váltak (18,2% vs. 49,8%). A finanszírozási adatbázisban használt betegségek nemzetközi osztályozása egységesen kezeli a myocardialis infarctus különböző formáit, ezért a katéteres érmegnyitás életkilátásokra kifejtett hatása – kórformák szerint – nem vizsgálható. Következtetések: A szerzők megállapítják, hogy a finanszírozási adatbázis alkalmas az ellátás alapvető adatainak vizsgálatára, ellátásszervezési döntések támogatására, ugyanakkor az ellátás megfelelőségének, az egyes beavatkozások eredményességének mérése prospektív, a speciális szempontokat kielégítő adatbázisok működtetésével lehetséges, amelyek a részleteket is feltáró elemzéseket tesznek lehetővé. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 102–112.
The distribution of 3497 Staphylococcus aureus strains according to methicillin resistance, specimens, departmental profession and antibiotic resistance patterns was analysed. The strains were cultured from the patients of the Clinical Center of Skopje, Macedonia, between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2004. The majority of the isolates was obtained from suppurated wounds (28.5%), nares (21%), intratracheal tubes (13%) and blood cultures (11.8%). Overall 1100 (31.4%) of the isolates was methicillin-resistant with 1 µg oxacillin disc. Of these 35.5%, 30.5% and 10.4% were cultured from wounds, intratracheal tubes and blood samples, respectively. The prevalence of MRSA strains was 78.6%, 75%, 44.2% and 37.3% in specimens of ICU, Coma Center, General Surgery and Haematology patients. There were extremely big differences in the frequency of MRSA between departments with particular specialisation. The 2397 MSSA isolates belonged to practically one antibiotic resistance pattern characterised with penicillin resistance and susceptibility to other antistaphylococcal drugs. The 1100 MRSA isolates distributed to four antibiotic resistance patterns on the basis of their resistance to oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, azithromycin, clindamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim+sulphamethoxasole, vancomycin and teicoplanin. All the MRSA isolates were multidrug resistant but sensitive to glycopeptides.
Fomba, S. N., Singh, N. (1991): Observations on the incidence of rice brown spot,leaf scald, and leaf smut in a tidal mangrove swamp at Rokupur, N.W. Sierra Leone. Trop. Pest Management , 37 , 349-355. Observations on the
Canadian J. Plant Sci. 68 351 359 Conner, R. L., Kuzyk, A. D. (1988): Black point incidence in soft white
Field trials were conducted in the dry (Experiment I) and wet (Experiment II) seasons of 1997 at Samaru (11°11' N, 7°38' E, 686 m above sea level) in the northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the effects of nitrogen rates on the reaction of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. The results indicate that FARO 48, a variety normally susceptible to Striga hermonthica, exhibited resistance. FARO 11 exhibited tolerance, while FARO 38, FARO 46 and FARO 45 exhibited susceptibility. The application of 90 and 120 kg N/ha delayed and reduced Striga emergence on the crop, induced a low crop reaction score and produced grain yields that were the maximum or significantly higher than the least. No significant differences in Striga infestation were observed between nitrogen rates of 30-120 kg N/ha. The significant interaction between upland rice varieties and nitrogen rates indicates that the susceptible varieties require higher rates of nitrogen to ameliorate the effect of Striga compared with the resistant varieties.
