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1 Introduction Since the 1950s, income inequality and its impact on economic development has been the topic of many investigations. These studies were mainly concentrated on the relationship between economic growth and inequality of income within
Unconditional basic income (UBI) is the income allotted to all members of society individually, without the need to work. The right to this income and its level are unconditional and independent of the size and structure of households. In addition, the unconditional income is paid regardless of the income of citizens from other sources. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical and an empirical analysis of the UBI, with particular emphasis on the genesis and the effects of introducing this mechanism. The research was based on the analysis of economics literature and empirical results. In the empirical part, the effects of the UBI pilot program implemented in various high and low economically developed countries have been taken into account. In particular, the effects of the Family 500+ program introduced in Poland have been presented, which is widely identified with the UBI program.
The authors present the theoretical bases and the results of an equivalence scale developed recently in the HSO. The paper shows how the income distribution and various measures of income inequality are affected by the choice of the equivalence scale. The authors investigate the impact of this choice on the phenomenon of poverty. According to the authors' opinion no global, generally applicable equivalence scale can be constructed because an appropriate scale is largely determined by the country's special circumstances. In order to change the present Hungarian practice they suggest not only professional, but also political consensus, because the choice of the equivalence scale can be advantageous for certain social groups, while disadvantageous for others.
attainment. While the level of income inequality in European Union (EU) countries is generally lower than in other advanced and emerging countries, there are large differences between EU member states and recent changes in the income distribution cannot
. – Keresztély , T. – Takács , T. ( 2012 ): Examination of income inequalities of Hungarian households in 2012 using a microsimulation model . Hungarian Statistical Review, 90 : 3 – 17
1 Introduction A key question in analysing welfare systems is the relationship between the size of social expenditure and indicators, such as the poverty rate and income inequality. Different orientations of social policies depend on the country
link between income inequality and inflation in ten OECD countries over the period of 1971–2010 and found a U-shaped link between long-run inflation and income inequality. Low inflation rates are associated with higher income inequality. Menna
References Bonesmo Fredriksen , K. ( 2012 ): Income Inequality in the European Union . OECD Economics Department, Working Paper, No. 952
483 499 Kuznets, S. S. (1955): Economic Growth and Income Inequality. American Economic Review , 45: 1-28. Economic Growth and Income Inequality
Abstract
Phillipe Martin [5] had developed a simple, but extremely impressive model of economic development analyzing the interaction between agglomeration and regional income inequality. The essential philosophy of Martin’s static model had been translated into a dynamical model, where it can be shown that the interdependence between agglomeration and income disparities satisfies the conditions of the Lotka-Volterra model, thus implying regular and phase-shifted cycles. By introducing the dynamics of innovation, the simple two-dimensional model will be extended to a model similar to that developed by Chiarella [3].
