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1 Introduction In the context of climate change, microclimate design is attracting more and more attention from urban design related fields. Because it can alleviate heat stress and improve outdoor thermal comfort. In general, microclimate contains
Changes in the microclimate and transpiration of reedbeds on the shores of Lake Balaton, some still standing in water and some from which the water has receded, were examined in Keszthely Bay during the 2003 vegetation cycle, after canopy closure. Microclimate data were recorded using combined sensors connected to a data-collector. Ten-minute means calculated from data recorded every two seconds were used as the basis of comparison. Transpiration was quantified using the shoot mass loss method. The leaf area index of reeds growing on dry areas was greater than that of plants rooted in the lake. This difference was moderate at first, but increased greatly during the vegetative phase, and could be attributed primarily to differences in plant density and leaf size, and to the effect of waves. Among the components of the microclimate, the humiditywithin the stand was 8-20% greater for plants growing in water, irrespective of the weather and the development stage. The daily mean air temperature was lower in the dry stand, and exhibited considerable daily fluctuations. The mean daily sum of transpiration, averaged over three sample days, was 16.5% lower in the dry stand. The plot of daily changes in transpiration exhibited two peaks for the dry stand and one for the wet stand.
In order to examine the complex role of the vegetation structure determining microclimate, the authors carried out temperature and relative humidity measurements in beany fens, drying fens, semidry grasslands, hayfields, steppe grasslands, rocky grasslands and open sandy grasslands of the Transdanubian mountains. In the course of this process, measurement and data recording took place annually with four repetitions (June, July, August, September) per sampling area in identical weather conditions, resulting in altogether 162 sampling occasions in 84 sampling areas on the ground surface and at a height of 10, 20, 30 and 120 cm in the grassland. In the present paper measurement data concerning the humidity of grasslands researched to a lesser extent in previous works are assessed. The comparative study ascertains that based on the relative humidity curves depicting microclimate, the samples of the examined types of grassland should be handled as separate groups in each sampling period. A further result to be seen is that in the case of several grasslands (semidry grasslands, drying fens) aspect change can also be detected in the change of microclimate (decrease of the relative humidity). The shift in relative humidity curves towards drying can be most conspicuously seen in the case of semidry grasslands.
] Jin H. , Shao T. , Zhang R. Effect of water body forms on microclimate of residential district , Energy Procedia , Vol. 134 , 2017, pp. 256 – 265 . [4
] Taheri F. Impact of modified urban surfaces on enhancing the microclimate of residential landscape areas in hot arid environments - Case study of Jumeirah Village Circle Community, Dubai , MSc Thesis
of Agricultural Science. 53 . 2 : 151 – 166 . 11. Jones , H. G. : 1983 . Plants and microclimate . Cambridge Univ. Press. London . 323 . 12
. E. and Storey , K. ( 1999 ): Impact of microclimate on immature tick–rodent interactions (Acari: Ixodidae): implications for parasite transmission . J. Med. Entomol
A questionnaire study was performed involving 76 farms with a total of 380,207 pigs to assess the welfare of pigs kept in Hungary based on the animal welfare legislation of the European Union. Most significant deficiencies were found in the fulfilment of the provisions relating to space requirements, the stall microclimate and the behavioural needs of the animals.
A most important question of currant urban development is to trigger different possibilities of creating urban green spaces in cities and densely built up areas. Open green spaces have various positive effects on microclimate, energy-balance and also on social and physiological issues. The aim of the current paper is to sum up the results of latest researches, and among them a case study, which aims at proving the effectiveness of vegetative shading and cooling.
We suggest the use of a graphical method, involving a standardisation of the seasonal activity curves and their subsequent comparison by a percentile-percentile graph as an easy way to compare seasonal activities in arthropods. To test the suitability of the suggested method, the seasonal dynamics of three common carabid beetles, Pterostichus melanarius, Nebria brevicollis and Carabus nemoralis were compared in three habitats (rural forest, suburban and urban forest fragments) along an urbanisation gradient near Sorø, Denmark, in 2004 and 2005. Activity in urban habitats often started earlier, possibly caused by the warmer microclimate in the city centre. The comparative graphs indicated the unsuitability of the suburban habitat for N. brevicollis, and the differential suitability as overwintering habitat of the three urbanisation stages for C. nemoralis. The method seems suitable to analyse differences in seasonal activity while being more sensitive than traditional seasonal-activity graphs.
