Search Results
Abstract
Nanocomposites containing both polyethylene and montmorillonite clay organically modified with four different types of quaternary ammonium salts were obtained via direct melt intercalation. Thus, the main purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the organoclay on the thermal stability of polyethylene. The organoclays were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DSC and TG. The polyethylene/organoclay nanocomposites were studied by XRD, TEM, TG, besides an evaluation of their mechanical properties. The results showed that the salts were incorporated by intercalation between the layers of the organoclay and, apparently that the nanocomposites were more thermally stable than pure polyethylene.
difficulty has been overcome by introducing cationic surfactant molecules into the interlamellar space, and the properties of clay minerals are enhanced as organoclays. In recent years, organoclays have been used of oil-spill clean-up operations [ 2 – 4
adsorption of organic compounds by clay minerals is widespread in nature and in industry. Complexes obtained by the adsorption of organic compounds by clay minerals are known as organoclays. In modern technology, organoclay-based nanocomposites obtained by
Thermal stability of organoclays with mono- and di-alkyl cationic surfactants
A comparative study
exchangeable inorganic cations in the clay minerals with organic cations, modified clay minerals can been prepared and are known as organoclays. These organically modified clays are used in industrial applications such as nanofillers in polymer
Abstract
Polyethylene/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were obtained via direct melt intercalation. The clay was organically modified with four different types of quaternary ammonium salts. The objective of this work is to study the use of montmorillonite clay in the production of nanocomposites by means on rheological, mechanical and crystallization properties of nanocomposites and to compare to the properties of the matrix and PE/unmodified clay nanocomposites. In general, the tensile test showed that the yield strength and modulus of the nanocomposites are close to the pure PE. Apparently, the mixture with Dodigen salt seems to be more stable than the pure PE and PE/unmodified clay.
Summary
Organoclays are used in cleaning natural waters from dissolved hydrocarbons by secondary sorption. Aiming future applications in this field, a Brazilian polycationic bentonite was used to prepare HDTMA organoclays, by using different quaternary ammonium salt loadings and clay content slips, to evaluate how these conditions may affect their sorption properties. The organoclays were characterized by CHN analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis. For secondary sorption tests, to compare with published studies, toluene was used as a reference sorbate. Characterization and sorption results indicate that the Brazilian bentonite organoclays prepared in this study have a potential industrial use in environmental applications.
Abstract
The comparison of thermal stabilities of different organoclay intercalation complexes is presented in this work. Montmorillonite/monomer and montmorillonite/polymer intercalation complexes with similar basal spacings show a pronounced difference in changes of d 001 values after 30 min heating. The hydrophilic and/or organophilic surface modification of the starting montmorillonite is an important factor affecting the intercalated amount of organic material and thus the expansion of the sheet silicate structure.
Synthesis and thermo-XRD-analysis of the organo-clay color pigment
Naphthylazonaphthylamine-montmorillonite
Abstract
An intense blue organo-clay color pigment was obtained by adding naphthyl-1-ammonium chloride to a Na-montmorillonite aqueous suspension followed by treatment with sodium nitrite. This treatment resulted in the synthesis of the azo dye 4-(1-naphthylazo)-1-naphthylamine adsorbed onto the clay. The pigment was subjected to thermo-XRD-analysis and the diffractograms were curve-fitted. Heating naphthylammonium-montmorillonite at 360°C resulted in the evolution of the amine at temperatures lower than those required for the formation of charcoal and consequently the clay collapsed. On the other hand, heating the pigment at 360°C resulted in the conversion of the adsorbed azo dye into charcoal. The clay did not collapse, thus proving that the azo dye was located inside the interlayer space. Before the thermal treatment a short basal spacing in the pigment compared with that in the ammonium clay (1.28 and 1.35 nm, respectively) indicated stronger surface π interactions between the clayey O-plane and the azo dye than between this plane and naphthylammonium cation. The amount of dye after one aging-day of the synthesis-suspension increased with [NaNO2]/[C10H7NH3] ratio but did not increase with naphthylammonium when the [NaNO2]/[C10H7NH3] ratio remained 1. After 7 and 56 aging days it decreased, indicating that some of the dye decomposed during aging.
Abstract
Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves of methyltributylammonium smectite (MTBAS), methyltrioctylammonium smectite (MTOAS), and di(hydrogenatedtallow)dimethylammonium smectite (DHTDMAS), and also corresponding sodium smectite (NaS) and tetraalkylammonium chlorides (TAAC) were determined. The TAACs was decomposed exactly by heating up to 500°C. The adsorbed water content of 8.0% in the pure NaS was decreased down to 0.2% depending on the size of the non-polar alkyl groups in the tetraalkylammonium cations (TAA+). The thermal degradation of the organic partition nanophase formed between 2:1 layers of smectite occurs between 250–500°C. Activation energies (E) of the thermal degradations in the MTBAS, MTOAS and DHTDMAS are 13.4, 21.9, and 43.5 kJ mol−1, respectively. The E value increases by increasing of the interlayer spacing along a curve depending on the size of the alkyl groups in the TAA+.
