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and Italy. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 613–628. Arrindell , W. A., Luteijn , F. (2000) Similarity between intimate partners for personality traits as related to individual levels of
lexical approach ( McCrae & John, 1992; Montag & Elhai, 2019; Montag & Panksepp, 2017 ), which means that statistical analysis of language resulted in five personality traits with relatively stable distribution around the globe (for exceptions see
; Yang, Jiang, & Jia, 2017 ). Previous studies showed that the personality traits related to suicide mainly include neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion, impulsiveness, and aggression ( Dumais et al., 2005; Esposito, Spirito, Boergers, & Donaldson
, brain activation systems (BASs), including reward responsiveness, are theoretical biopsychological systems related to personality traits involving sensitivity toward stimuli that are associated with positive reinforcement and regulation of motivational
, 2010 ). Previous studies of personality traits have described both differences and overlap between SUD, GD, and ED. According to Cloninger’s model, personality is a complex hierarchical system which can be arranged in different psychobiological
development and its relation to problem gaming. This study will examine the association between recollections of paternal and maternal–child experiences and personality traits in relation to GD. Figure 1
specific online use motives (e.g., gaming, gambling, sex, social media, and shopping) should be considered. Regarding the personality determinants of PIU, a meta-analytic review noted the consistent role of the Big Five personality traits in the
Background and aims
The “Internet addiction” paradigm has been criticized for several shortcomings, including inattention to specific online behaviors, not distinguishing the Internet from other media, insufficient focus on comorbidities, and definitions that do not take into account the constant access now possible. The paradigm’s biggest casualty, however, may be that it has diverted attention away from subtle personality changes that seem to occur online, including in users who cannot be considered “addicted” under any definition.
Methods
A narrative assessment of the literature was conducted, focusing on the Internet’s effects on personality traits as revealed in studies of Internet users.
Results
Impulsivity, narcissism, and aggression are some of the personality traits that seem to be nurtured by the Internet, with possible negative offline consequences.
Discussion
Ignoring the Internet’s subtle effects on personality as we embrace an addiction model that implies severe pathology makes the majority of Internet users feel deceptively immune to the psychological effects of new technologies. It also limits our understanding of the big cultural shifts that are happening as a result.
Conclusion
The Internet’s potentially negative effect on personality, and by extension on society at large, is a fundamental part of online psychology, one well worthy of further investigation.
Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience), locus of control (internal, powerful others, and chance), attachment styles (anxious and avoidant), use of pornography, sex-related online
sample (NESARC; n = 43,093) had also concluded the validity of a higher-order externalizing factor comprising a three-factor model of common mental disorders (GD, alcohol and drug dependence, and antisocial personality traits) with good fit for men and
