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Abstract  

The paper presents a thermogravimetric study of some aromatic poly- and copolyethers, using mass spectrometry technique combined with thermogravimetric analysis. The polymers were synthesized by phase transfer catalysis technique, using bis(2-chloroethyl)-ether or 1,6-dichlorohexane as flexible spacers and various bisphenols (4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 4,4'-dihydroxyazobenzene and bisphenol A). The presence of azobenzenic moieties in the chain induces a liquid crystalline behavior, but, due to the high values of the transition temperature, some precautions during the thermal characterisation are necessary. In the case of azobenzenic samples, the degradation reactions begin, as a function of the chemical structure, around 230-250C. A degradation mechanism based on chain transfer reactions was proposed. The chain flexibility influences the thermal degradation mechanism, in the case of rigid polymers the chain transfer reactions being less probable. For the flexible chains, the thermal stability is not essentially influenced by the copolymerisation ratio between the two aromatic bisphenols.

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The complex formation of Ag+ with polyether 18-crown-6 (18C6) and their solvation have been studied using calorimetric and potentiometric methods in H2O-EtOH solvents in wide range of ethanol concentration. The standard enthalpies of dissolution AgNO3, AgClO4 and 18C6 in aqueous-ethanol solvents are obtained. The stability of a complex [Ag18C6]+ grows with increasing the EtOH content a solvent. Using the method based on the thermodynamic characteristics of solvation of metal-ion, ligand and complex-ion the interpretation of the results has been given.

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Abstract  

The separation of alkali and alkaline earth metals by means of an acyclic polyether, 1,13-bis(8-chinolinyl)-1, 4, 7, 10, 13-pentaoxatridecane (CPOD), and cyclic polyethers, benzo-15-crown-5 (BC), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DBC) and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DCHC), using extraction chromatography has been studied. The alkali metals can be effectively separated using SCN ions. Different elution sequences for these groups were observed using chloroform and mesitylene and diluents for the polyethers.

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Abstract  

Polyether type polyurethane foams (PU) are regular stacks of solid quasi-spherical membranes produced by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols of polyether nature in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent. Contrary to conventional membrane separations, where a solid membrane is merely a differentially separating agent, or a transport medium, PU foams, apart from separation and preconcentration, also retain, i.e., sorb the species on, or in the membranes. Therefore, PU foam membranes can be considered to act as true sorbents. The membrane properties of PU foam sorbents offer unique advantages over conventional bulk type granular sorbents in rapid, versatile and effective separations and preconcentrations of different compounds from fluid samples. Unloaded PU foam sorbents have received considerable attention in the separation of different trace inorganic species.

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Abstract  

Polyether-urethane samples were irradiated at the dose range from 10 to 2000 kGy by 2 MeV electron beams. Volatile species from the polymer degradation were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively with GC/MS. Thermal properties and micro-phase separation of the samples were examined by TG and the morphology was studied by TEM and SEM. The results show that the irradiated polyether-polyurethane evolves CO2, H2, CH4 and C2H6, etc. The thermal stabilities between the hard and soft segments in the irradiated samples are different. At high doses, the phase separation in the sample is predominant and the hard segment of sample is more stable. The dose rate affects the soft segment of the irradiated sample much more.

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Abstract  

In this study NMR and DSC are used to probe the structure, thermal characteristics and morphology of a network formed from a diepoxide/acrylate system. Separate chemistries are employed to polymerize the diepoxide and acrylate components. The cationic polymerization of the diepoxide exhibits excellent selectivity in producing a crosslinked polyether network without affecting the acrylate monomer. Subsequent photoinitiated free-radical polymerization of the acrylate produces a phase separated, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN).

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Abstract  

The radiation effect of γ-ray on polyether-urethane foam was studied. The gas products from irradiated samples were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by gas chromatography, the thermal property and radical intensity were determined by differential thermal gravimetry and electron spin resonance. The dynamic mechanical property, compression and tensile properties were analyzed. Positron annihilation lifetime of irradiated samples was also measured at room temperature in vacuum. The results show that the general mechanical properties of ETPU sample irradiated by γ-rays at a dose of 8.0·105 Gy is excellent, but there are considerable gas products and a great deal of radicals created, which indicates that the sample has been damaged by radiation. Relatively, the thermal stability of the sample remained fine.

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Abstract

Fluorous multi-phase bromination reaction of alkenes could be successfully transformed to a continuous microflow system in which a fluorous polyether, Galden® HT135, is employed as a recyclable molecular bromine support. This microflow bromination of alkenes could be carried out without any temperature control or an inert gas atmosphere. The circulatory continuous microflow reaction system for bromination of cyclohexene was created which gave 8.3 g (85%) of dibromocyclohexane after continuous operation for 6 h.

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Abstract  

Intermediates stabilized in γ-irradiated mono-and dibenzosubstituted crown ethers are studied by ESR spectroscopy at 77 K. PhO radicals and radicals with H-atom abstraction from polyether ring are the main products at low temperature γ-radiolysis. The nature of radicals produced in radiolysis and the yield of radicals,G R depend on macroring size and on the number of aromatic substiuents. Negative deviation from additive in function ofG R versus ε of substituents is an evidence of efficient transfer of adsorbed energy to the π-system of aromatic group.

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