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, D., Raghuwanshi, B. S., Gangwar, J. S., Singh, S. C., Joshi, K. D., Rashid, A., Hollington, P. A. (2001): Participatory evaluation by farmers of on-farm seed priming in wheat in India, Nepal and Pakistan. Expl. Agric. , 37 , 403
1524 Iqbal, M., Ashraf, M. 2006. Wheat seed priming in relation to salt tolerane: Growth, yield and levels of free salicylic acid and polyamines. Ann. Bot. Fennici. 43 :250
212 Harris, D., Joshi, A., Khan, P. A., Gothkar, P., Sodhi P. S. (1999): On-farm seed priming in semiarid agriculture: Development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using
, Z., Ali, A. 2012. Effect of seed priming with ascorbic acid, salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide on emergence, vigour and antioxidant activities of maize. African J. of Biotech. 11 :1127–1137. Ali A
Abstract
Sida hermephrodita or Virginia mallow is a perspective perennial herb in the Malvaceae family able to yield a biomass crop through the last two decades. Additionally, the plants have a lot of uses and benefits for instance it can be used as a fodder crop, honey crop, ornamental plant in public gardens. It has favourable features for example fast growing and resistance against the disease and climatic fluctuations, etc. Since Sida is in the beginning phase of domestication, it has a serious disadvantage: the low and slow germination as a big part of wild plants. Due to the expressly low germination percent, the need of seed showing of driller should tenfold 200 thousand seeds/acre instead of 10–20 thousand, which is not available and expensive. Therefore the practical purpose of our research of seed physiology was to increase the seed germination percent in the available, basically wild Sida population. In the first stage of our experiments we examined two factors relating to seed germination percent and seed germination power during our research: the influence of hot water treatment and the effect of exogenous or endogenous infection of seeds. However, in our germination tests, utilizing the scarified seeds with hot water (65, 80 and 95 °C), from 29.3% to 46% germinated from those samples, which were collected from the population of S. hermaphrodita in Debrecen. The average germination for all season was 5–10% without treatment and rinsed using hot water up to almost 50%. When applying physically scarified use, the oldest seeds showed the best germination (46%) after the hot water operation in spite of the previous studies. We discovered that there is a close relationship between the collecting time of the seeds and the ration of seed infections, as well as germination percentage. Thus, the 2009 season was the most favourable in case of contamination (control: 17.3% and 80 °C treatment: 0%) as well as germination percent. It could be concluded that the best season for our findings was 2009 due to autumn harvest of Sida seeds. In our opinion, the autumn harvesting should be the best time to overcome the problem of the low germination and high infection percentage. We also discovered that apparently there is a close relationship between the seed fresh weight or water uptake capability and the percentage of infection. Following these recognitions, we modified our technique in such a way that we fractionated the seeds based on their fresh weight / or relative density before we carried out the treatment. When we filtered the floating seeds on the surface of water, the hot water treatment was performed considerably better on the sunk seeds after separation. Therefore by this special priming process, we were able to reach 80% germination capacity of Virgina mallow seeds under laboratory conditions (26 °C without illumination).
Harris, D., Joshi, A., Khan, P. A., Gothkar, P., Sodhi, P. S. (1999): On-farm seed priming in semiarid agriculture: Development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods. Exp. Agr. , 35 , 15
. Designing a conjugative approach of NPs and PGPR may increase plant yield and manage plant diseases ( Nayana et al., 2020 ). The effect P. putida (Trevisan) Migula and ZnO NPs (seed priming/foliar spray) alone and in combination was observed in the
Introduction
Drought is a major environmental factor that limits crops productivity. To cope with the adverse effects of drought, plants have evolved various adaptive mechanisms, such as accumulation of osmolytes. Polyamines (PAs) play an important role in the plant growth and development and response to abiotic stresses. This experiment was conducted to investigate the role of exogenous PAs on drought tolerance of mung bean.
Methods
Mung bean seeds were soaked in 0 or 100 µM putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), or their mixture for 10 hr. Then, treated seeds were sown in the field and were exposed to drought stress condition.
Results
The growth attributes including shoot length, biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and grain yield markedly reduced due to drought stress. Drought stress also decreased soluble protein content, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance (g s), and net photosynthetic rate (P N) but increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble sugars (TSS), and proline contents. Nonetheless, seed priming with the mixture of PAs alleviated adverse effects of drought stress and improved all growth attributes. Exogenous application of PAs also increased soluble protein content, RWC, chlorophyll value, P N, and more increased TSS and proline contents but decreased g s and MDA level.
Discussion
These results indicated that seed treatment with PAs especially combined treatment of Put + Spd + Spm could enhance drought tolerance of mung bean plants through the accumulation of osmoprotectants, improving water status, chlorophyll value, and P N as well as reduction of oxidative damage.
In the present study, three dry land wheat cultivars, Azar 2, Sardary and Rasad, were tested for antioxidant enzyme activity, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and dityrosine (DT) content and grain yield after treatment with selenium and salicylic acid (SA). A factorial field experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The experimental factors were three levels of salicylic acid (without SA; seed priming with 0.5 mM SA; seed priming + spraying with 1 mM SA) and two levels of selenium (0 and 20 g/ha). Significant increases in the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes and in the proline level were observed after treatment in the leaves of the three genotypes investigated, but this was associated with reduced MDA and DT content. The application of SA as seed priming and the foliar application of Se also increased the grain yield. These results suggest that cultivars exhibiting high antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content under dry land conditions may provide better drought tolerance in wheat.
The objective of this study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming with different concentrations of growth bioregulators ( i.e. indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid or kinetin) on growth and water relations of Vigna sinensis plants throughout various stages of plant growth and development.In the majority of cases, indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid or kinetin at different concentrations stimulated the growth vigour of cowpea plants (root length, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights and leaf area production) all over the growth periods.Seed pretreatment with IAA or kinetin induced significant increases in total leaf conductance and transpiration rate that was accompanied by a decrease in RWC. On the other hand, GA 3 induced reverse situation in these parameters.
