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Introduction There have been steady attempts to understand problematic Internet use (PIU) by classifying the users’ behavior into usage types ( Caplan, 2002 ; Kim & Kim, 2010 ; Laconi, Tricard, & Chabrol, 2015 ; Wu, Lai
. They find that even temporary disruptions can have long-term effects on the usage of different transportation modes, suggesting a role for habit formation. Most of the literature analysed complementarity or substitution across traditional
. , Ilani Z. ( 2007 ), An intelligent tutoring system for efficient usage of databases . ITRE 2006 . In: 4th International Conference on Information Technology: Research and Education, Proceedings , pp. 18 – 22 . http://doi.org/10.1109/ITRE.2006
. Chaney , J. L. , Clark , P. L. ( 2015 ) Roles for synonymous codon usage in protein biogenesis . Annu. Rev. Biophys. 44 , 143 – 166 . 7. Crosby , M. A. , Goodman , J
market mainly as food or dietary supplements [ 4 ]. Consequently, neither the right choice of the products, nor their appropriate usage is controlled by healthcare professionals in all cases. Since the effect of probiotics is strain specific and greatly
Summary
Science has traditionally been mapped on the basis of authorship and citation data. Due to publication and citation delays such data represents the structure of science as it existed in the past. We propose to map science by proxy of journal relationships derived from usage data to determine research trends as they presently occur. This mapping is performed by applying a principal components analysis superimposed with a k-means cluster analysis on networks of journal relationships derived from a large set of article usage data collected for the Los Alamos National Laboratory research community. Results indicate that meaningful maps of the interests of a local scientific community can be derived from usage data. Subject groupings in the mappings corresponds to Thomson ISI subject categories. A comparison to maps resulting from the analysis of 2003 Thomson ISI Journal Citation Report data reveals interesting differences between the features of local usage and global citation data.
The present study focuses on a single Russian verb вскричать. This verb was the object of statistical analysis of lexical vocabulary changes in 19th-century Russian prose by A. Shaikevich (2013). His paper presents the results of the analysis of small historical corpora. The size of the corpus is about 25 million words. Shaikevich’s statistical data have shown that this verb had almost disappeared by the end of the 19th century. In our study, the analysis of the historical and modern usage of the verb вскричать was done with the help of the large Russian National Corpus (230 million words), and all the examples were taken from 19th- and 20th-century texts. Our analysis has shown that this verb was very frequent in the language of some writers (e.g. F. Dostoyevsky), while L. Tolstoy did not use it at all. In the 20th century, the verb вскричать became quite frequent again for numerous writers. In recent times, poets and journalists have also used it as a marked stylistic device.
Abstract
Aims
Controversies remain about the validity of the diagnosis of problematic Internet use. This might be due in part to the lack of longitudinal naturalistic studies that have followed a cohort of patients who self-identify as having Internet-related problems.
Methods
This retrospective study included 57 patients who consulted the Geneva Addiction Outpatient Clinic from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2010. Patients underwent an initial clinical psychiatric evaluation that included collection of data on socio-demographics, method of referral, specific Internet usage, psychiatric diagnosis, and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) scores. Treatment consisted of individual psychotherapeutic sessions.
Results
Of these patients, 98% were male and 37% were 18 years or younger. Most patients were online gamers (46% playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games). The mean IAT score was 52.9 (range 20–90). Sixty-eight percent of patients had a co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis, with social phobia being the most prevalent (17.8%). Patients who remained in treatment (dropout rate 24%) showed an overall improvement of symptoms: 38.6% showed significant or average improvement on their CGI score, 26.3% showed minimal improvement, and 14% showed no change.
Conclusions
Our results support the hypothesis that there are specific types of Internet use, with online gaming mainly affecting young male patients. As Internet addiction is not yet an official diagnosis, better instruments are needed to screen patients and to avoid false-negative and false-positive diagnoses. Successful care should integrate the treatment of co-morbid symptoms and involve families and relatives in the therapeutic process.
narrated by the ‘perfect of success’ detulerunt ; the perfect tense of petiit, on the other hand, already suggests that the request of Saint Radegund will not be granted. 4 TENSE USAGE IN THE DECEM LIBRI HISTORIARUM For this paper, the meaning
Introduction Despite the numerous benefits of the internet with its myriad applications and various access devices, significant health, societal, and economic costs are associated with a problematic usage of the internet (PUI; Fineberg et al., 2022
