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Evliya Çelebi (1611–c. 1685), the Ottoman traveller (scholar, courtier, raconteur, dervish, musician, and linguist) journeyed the entire empire and beyond over the course of forty years and authored what is considered the largest travel account in history (ten volumes), providing a unique record of his times. This article focuses on his travels in the Circassian lands where he encountered vampire witches, polities with no rulers, vegetarian tribes, and “other jollities”. His travelogue replete with references to their population, settlements, and troops sheds light on the religious, cultural, and linguistic characteristics of the Circassians as well as their incipient Islamisation.
Any scholar devoted to the study of the witch figure in Early Modern Spain will soon realize that the Iberian bruja is a peculiar character in European folklore. The Spanish bruja was a malevolent agent specialized, almost exclusively, in the murder of newborn babies. Her infanticide compulsion was associated with vampirism. She possessed the extraordinary capacity to enter rooms through the smallest chinks in doors or walls. She had amazing metamorphic powers. When she attacked the sleeping adults, she threw herself upon them, crushing them with her weight. On occasions, she was considered the victim of a tragic destiny from which it was impossible to escape. Some specific behavior, such as drinking the wine kept in cellars or washing clothes at the side of rivers, was also attributed to her. In these traits, the specialist in Mediterranean folklore and comparative mythology inmediately discovers the basic characteristics of a series of clearly identified mythical figures: the child-killing demon, the vampiric revenant, the fairy society and the Nightmare, specific avatars of the archaic mythology of the Double and the nocturnal spirits of the mahr -type. We can postulate, then, that the Spanish bruja , before embodying in Spain the figure of the satanic worshipper at the sabbat, gave name to a Pyrenean variant of the pan-European nocturnal demon. The evidence provided by diverse peninsular testimonies about the original meaning of the terms bruxa and xorguina , between the decades of 1280 and 1480, cover in an almost perfect way the spectrum of activities attributed to those fiends of the night. The historical evidence reinforces, then, the elements provided by the morphological analysis and by comparative mythology.
Encounters with vetālas
Studies on fabulous creatures I
This paper attempts to outline the evolution and taxonomy of vetālas, one of the fabulous creatures that populate the religious culture of ancient and early mediaeval India. Sometimes misleadingly identified as “vampires”, vetālas had an important role in tantric rituals aiming at magical powers and performed in cremation grounds. Three such rituals are examined in this paper on the basis of both tantric and literary texts, all involving vetālas who sometimes appear as animated corpses, sometimes as jinn-like servants, sometimes as fully developed fabulous creatures bearing the characteristic marks of their species, which marks can also be assumed by deities. In the appendices a Kashmirian stotra to Bhairava appearing as a vetāla is edited and translated, and two vetāla doorkeepers are presented from a 12th-century Hoysala temple.
13 . 11. NM O'Brien-Simpson 2003 Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains: the Molecular Teeth of a Microbial Vampire
. Lima , F. E. , Cibulski , S. P. , Elesbao , F. , Carnieli Junior , P. , Batista , H. B. , Roehe , P. M. and Franco , A. C. ( 2013 ): First detection of adenovirus in the vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) in Brazil . Virus Genes 47 , 378
Középkori és 16–18. századi vesztőhelyek régészete Európában és Magyarországon
The archaeology of medieval and 16th–18th-Century execution sites in Europe and Hungary
. Gardela , Leszek – Kajkowski , Kamil 2013 Vampires, Criminals, or Slaves ? Reinterpreting ’Deviant Burials’ in Early Medieval Poland. World Archaeology 45 : 5 , 780 – 796
.G. Dashper E.C. Reynolds 2003 Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains: the molecular teeth of a microbial vampire Curr Protein Pept
The gallows in Holíč (Skalica district, Slovakia) archaeological research and virtual reconstruction
Šibenica v Holíči (okres Skalica, Slovensko). Archeologický výskum a pokus o virtuálnu rekonštrukciu
Akasztófa Holicsban (Skalicai járás, Szlovákia). Régészeti kutatás és kísérlet a virtuális rekonstrukcióra
term revenant (vampiric). 46 In the case of skeleton 5 from Holíč, the discovery context points directly to this specific burial ritual. Identity of the skeleton 5 could theoretically be specified by detailed research of historical sources. There is a
rescue my girlfriend then both of us would be picked up by a UFO and we would be safe. The neighbors screamed as I used whatever I found to break into their home. Before I got anywhere, the apartment filled up with a flock of vampires, who descended upon
,’ meaning all positive or negative beings who are capable of human–animal shapeshifting: vampires, witches, strigoi, mora/Mahr/ lidérc , illness demons, forest spirits, fairies, dragons, wise shepherds, grabancijaš, táltos , and shaman. She includes here
