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Despite numerous studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its importance during hydrocephalus or myelography, no reliable values exist about its overall volume in dogs. In this study, our aim was to measure the intracranial (IC) volume of CSF in dogs and assess its possible relationship with body size and the symmetry of the lateral ventricles. We ran a 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence on the central nervous system of 12 healthy, male mongrel dogs between 3–5 years of age and 7.5–35.0 kg body weight. A validated semiautomatic segmentation protocol was implemented to segment the CSF and measure its volume. Values for the volume of the ventricular compartment were between 0.97 and 2.94 ml, with 62.1 ± 11.7% in the lateral ventricles, 17.6 ± 4.9% in the third ventricle, 4.9 ± 1.6% in the aqueductus mesencephali and 15.5 ± 6.6% in the fourth ventricle. In 11 cases a significant asymmetry was found between the lateral ventricles. The results suggest that it may be normal for a dog to have one of the lateral ventricles 1.5 times larger than the other. The correlation between body weight and CSF volume was linear, indicating that the current dosage protocols for myelography, based on a hypothetical proportional relationship with body weight, may have to be revised.
transport 2011 VISUM 12.0 User manual, Karlsruhe, Germany, PTV AG, 2011. Jastrzebski W. P., Volume
of the dams [ 6 , 7 ]. Several numeric method classes are used in the literature to solve the equations of Saint-Venant, each having its merits and its weak points. This work uses modified Roe scheme for dry beds treatment in finite volume version
JS : Mean platelet vol¬ume as a predictor of cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis . J Thromb Haemost 8 , 148 – 156 ( 2010 ). Epub 2009 Aug 19 10
investigated specimens can be considered homogeneous over this volume, which is often the case in scientific laboratories, then a smaller volume is an advantage because higher measurement accuracy can be achieved. Heterogeneous materials or their
50 women with aesthetically perfect breasts and clinical application. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 1997, 100 (2), 468–479. Fowler, P. A., Casey, C. E., Cameron, G. G., et al.: Cyclic changes in composition and volume
Du, C.-J., and Sun, D.-W. (2006) Estimating the surface area and volume of ellipsoidal ham using computer vision. Journal of Food Engineering , 73, 260–268. Sun D
medical images. At first volume rendering algorithms were executed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU), and after the appearance of generally programmable Graphics Processing Units GPU’s they became run as shader programs on the graphics hardver [ 4
Kao, H. W., Rakov, N. E., Savage, E. et al.: The effect of large volume paracentesis on plasma volume: a cause of hypovolemia. Hepatology, 1985, 5 , 403–7. Savage E. The
been associated with having reduced gray matter volume in their frontal and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ( Horvath et al., 2020 ), smaller subgenual ACC ( Montag et al., 2018 ), and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex ( D. Lee, Namkoong, Lee, Lee
